海外のコンサルタント活動においていい意味でのNGOとの連携は欠かせない。これまでにも事業実施を進める上で効果的であった。
立場的な中立性や各方面からの情報収集および分析を進めるうえで広範囲のお付き合いがある。ゼネコンからNGO団体まで。
WRMを進める上で最も重要なものは利害関係者の参加と合意形成である。NGOとどう折り合いをつけていくは国や地域で違ってくるが、国際的なネットワークとして市民参加を進めている団体を紹介しよう。
CIVICUS
いろいろな情報が得られるので参考になる。それにしても、コミュニケーション能力はどんな状況でも必須であると思う。それについても参考になる情報がCIVICUSにはある。
交渉、説得、調停。NGOを敵にまわしたくはない。頑張れADB！！
2009年3月29日日曜日
１２７：ガイドラインって何だろう？
水資源管理に係る様々なガイドライン、ハンドブック、指針などがあり、時々混乱するが、カナダ・マニトバ州政府の森林管理局が示したForest Practice Guidelinesにpracticesに対するguidelinesの定義がうまく示されていたのでここに留めておく。
Definitions:
Forest practices—activities conducted during all
stages of forest management. Examples are surveys,
harvesting, road construction and silviculture.
Guidebook—a collection of policies, guidelines,
procedures and standards related to a specific
forest practice.
Guideline—alternative procedures or standards that
can be applied to satisfy the principles upon which
the guidelines are based. Specific guidelines are
enforceable when identified on Work Permits.
Procedure—a step or series of steps taken to put into
practice a policy or guideline.
Standards—descriptions of targets or goals used to
measure the success of procedures. They may be
general or specific.
蛇足だが、流域管理は水資源管理と強い結びつきがあり見逃せない活動であり、世銀がイランで進めているIntegrated Water and Land Resources Management Planの動向が気になっている。まず連携すべきは水と土である。日本には「水土の知」といういい表現がある。
Definitions:
Forest practices—activities conducted during all
stages of forest management. Examples are surveys,
harvesting, road construction and silviculture.
Guidebook—a collection of policies, guidelines,
procedures and standards related to a specific
forest practice.
Guideline—alternative procedures or standards that
can be applied to satisfy the principles upon which
the guidelines are based. Specific guidelines are
enforceable when identified on Work Permits.
Procedure—a step or series of steps taken to put into
practice a policy or guideline.
Standards—descriptions of targets or goals used to
measure the success of procedures. They may be
general or specific.
蛇足だが、流域管理は水資源管理と強い結びつきがあり見逃せない活動であり、世銀がイランで進めているIntegrated Water and Land Resources Management Planの動向が気になっている。まず連携すべきは水と土である。日本には「水土の知」といういい表現がある。
2009年3月28日土曜日
１２６：GWPパトロンのダボス会議での発言内容
何回か前にご紹介したGWPのパトロンであるMargaret Catley-Carlsonさんが０８年のダボス会議で発言した内容を下記に記します。
Margaret Catley-Carlson: Talking Water at the World Economic Forum
Posted By Eric Daigh On February 26, 2008 @ 3:21 pm In Commentary, Policy + Politics
Margaret Catley-Carlson is chairperson of [1] Global Water Partnership, a working partnership among formed in 1996 by the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. From the U.N. Global Compact to what you can do, Catley-Carlson talks all things water at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
Margaret Catley-Carlson: I have a very interesting position in that I either sit on the board or chair six or seven organizations that work in the science and policy of water. I’m not an expert of any kind. I’m not an oligist of any kind. I’m not a hydroligist, an agronomist, a geologist, but I have the great privilege of listening to them day after day, week after week and finding out about the world of water.
J. Carl Ganter - Circle of Blue: Here at Davos, water has become a major priority. Can you characterize that: Why is has it become a priority and what’s coming out of the discussions?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: First of all, I’d characterize it by saying, Great! Last year at Davos, there were sort of one and a half water sessions. Before that it’s been very difficult to get it on the schedule at all. So some good people certainly in the corporate sector, but some good people also in the Davos secretariat have worked very hard to say, ‘Look there is an increasing concern about water.’ When businessmen are canvassed on what they see as the risk factors ahead, water has been moving up. You can make lots of puns and say the water line is rising. There was a canvas done of Fortune 500 companies and something like 70 percent of the executives canvassed said that a major water disruption would make huge difference to their company. Of course if you characterize this as floods, hurricanes, etc., it would make a major difference to all of us. But they were talking about the universe of water risk in terms of quality, quantity, the kind of things that really are changing around the world. So what’s great about this meeting is that the business community as a community and as businesses are saying, “Let’s talk about this.” I’m very glad when they talk about bringing drinking water to people that don’t have it. That’s the other side of the house. They’re now talking about the self-interest of well-managed water. And I think that that’s quite a big step forward.
JCG: You’ve mentioned that water is local, local, local. How does “local” come into play.
Margaret Catley-Carlson: When I make speeches, I always start out by saying “I’m going to turn you all into water experts. I want you to repeat three times after me: “Water is local, water is local and water is local.” And then the next thing I do is say now, draw two circles in your mind. One of them is the management and the care of the lakes, the rivers, the groundwater, the water that runs into the oceans and does damage or otherwise to coral reefs. The water in the soil, the water melting in the glaciers, that’s water resource management. And that is, if you wish, the big circle. That is how well we are taking care of the resources that sustain us. That’s the circle from which we get the food that we eat, that’s the circle that we get the electricity that we get through hydro. Water transport, tourism, all the rest of it. Now there’s another circle and that’s called drinking water and sanitation. The lingo people call it the “taps and toilets” part of water. The two of them are linked. If you’ve got bad sanitation, you’re going to get bad water quality as well. But the two circle are quite different. So when you ask the question, How do we ever pull these things together? a lot of the public interest is in the drinking water, taps and toilets business. That’s what hits the headlines. That’s where you get the big debate about privatization. This is where, mostly where water as a human right argument or debate is. But I am trying to pull attention to the two circles because the enveloping circle, the big circle, is where you have to look to how you understand the totality of water. In the small circle, it’s basically a question as to whether water, poverty, delivering water to everybody, is a priority, including financial. In the big circle, the people that call the shots might well be the minister of mines, a big company that is building a big transport company. What affects water quality and quantity is very unlikely to be under the rubric of water. It’s going to be those that affect erosion, water quality, stability, all sorts of other factors.
JCG: Looking toward the future, what’s next? What comes out of Davos?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: Ideal world scenario: Now that Davos has raised some consciousness, now that a number of members of the business community are saying, ‘Hey, water affects me, I’ve got an enlightened self interest in doing something about this,’ the first thing that the call to action — which was a really good paper available on the web produced here … if you want to know about water in a [2] six-page capsule it will tell you all the facts, even all the [3] cocktail snippets you need to know about water. It recommends three things: The first one is that the business leaders sign something called the “Call to Action.” This isn’t even a Davos document, it’s a U.N. document coming from something called the Global Compact, which is a group of business persons that support within the U.N., some of the goals of the United Nations, including achieving the Millennium Development Goals, which try to get more water and sanitation and a better world to a lot of people that don’t have it now. So sign the Global Compact first. What does the Global Compact ask? That you do three things. First of all, you find out about your water footprint with a view of getting as close to water neutrality as possible. The second one is you find out what the state of water management is in your river basin. In other words, back to the rivers, the lakes, the underground water. How these connect — where the threats are, what the quality is, what the quantity is. Now if you’re a multinational company with operations manufacturing in seven countries and sales in a hundred countries, your backyard has a lot of water basins in it. So this isn’t just for headquarters and this isn’t just one manufacturing site. So in other words, it’s becoming informed about what is creating the water quality and quantity situations in a large part of the world. Third part: Get involved in this. At least to some extent so that the guys who are setting the rules, the regulations, whether they’re being observed or not. The policing of this, the observance of the protection of watersheds, the upstream downstream… you cut down the forest upstream it’s going to have a big impact downstream. So get involved, find out if there’s something you can do as part of corporate policy. Find out how you can actually help shape the water universe that you particularly live in, remembering that you may live in several. If you’re a company with interests in a number of countries. Back to a water footprint. What’s a water footprint? It’s the amount of water that you cause to be involved in production and distribution processes. What are you growing, what are you manufacturing? Lemon juice? Ok, you’ve got all of the orchards. Where are they planted? How much pesticide, fertilizer are they using? How much of the outflow of that goes into the water stream? How do you wash these things? How much water are you actually using there? Have you looked at both the water and energy implications of the transport that you’re using to get those lemons to distribution centers? Are you shipping concentrate or are you shipping lemons? Are you shipping this in the most economical sense, not just in terms of money, but in terms of water and energy? Follow the chain through — what’s the manufacturing and processing plant look like? Is is being done in the best way possible? Start looking at distribution. How does this material, how does the lemon juice actually leave the factory? How does it get to consumers? How is it packed? Are those throw-away containers? Or are these reusable containers, or ideal world, are these things that will biodegrade when the light hits them if they get thrown somewhere in a landfill. You can see now I could go into how are they arranged in the supermarket, etc. But you begin to see what the water footprint is. It’s really how does my product and how do my processes affect the water universe in which they live. I call this the water mirror sometimes. Hold up your water mirror, look behind you and you’ll see what the universe of water is, that within which you’re working and then look deeper into the water mirror and see what your own footprint is.
JCG: We need some major paradigm shifts as to how individuals look at water and act on water. What’s going to cause those shifts?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: I think occasions such as Davos are very useful. They bring home that this is not simply worrying that people in far away lands don’t have drinking water. And yes, please, keep worrying about that. It’s something as human beings we can worry a lot about. But it’s also saying, ‘Hey, this is adding to the list of things I’ve really got to worry about in order to be in business.’ And that is good. There’s been a fair amount, not enough, of media coverage. I hope that we can continue working with media to say, How do you understand these two circles of concern about water. How do you cover these? What’s the non-sensational story? How do we make sure that we’re not talking about real collapses and disasters in ten years? These are actually happening in some places now. How do we make sure that these are not being universalized? How do we make sure that conditions are kept as good as they can be in a number of places? I sat across from some business leaders yesterday saying, “Oh sure, we make our decisions about whether we’re going to locate plants very much based on water availability.” I said, “Do you ever talk to the countries where you’ve decided _not_ to be about water?” "No, no we wouldn’t do that, we talk to the ones where we’ve decided to be.” So in a sense, it’s the growing awareness, I hope, of the countries that didn’t get the jobs, and didn’t get the employment, if they improve their water management, that they might improve their economic prospects, their development, their employment, better life for people.
JCG: What about the individual?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: People ask, ‘What should I be doing about water?’ You know all of those funny little things about turning off the tap, really being conscious that you really don’t need a 20-minute shower, washing your car occasionally and not all the time? This really counts. Why does this count? I’m Canadian — we have seven to 10 percent of the world’s resources. Canadians say, “Surely I don’t have to care about this, we’ve got all the water in the world. ”Well, you’ve got all the water in the world. But you’re not using that river, or that lake, which is all the water in the world. You’re using something which has been collected, it’s been piped, it’s been chemically adjusted to make sure that it’s pure. It has been transported. At each stage of this, there’s pumping, there’s energy expense, there’s expense to the community that could be used for other things. So every time you have a good long shower, you are sending carbon particles into the air just as thoroughly as that truck going down the road in front of you that you’re looking at and saying, “This is why we have global warming. ”Next time you have a 20-minute shower, you’re sending carbon particles into the air, too, because somebody had to pump that water to get there and that pump sent carbon particles into the air. So, yes, you can do quite a bit by your water use. It isn’t just about water, it’s about water, it’s about energy, it’s about a lot of things.
活字化した担当者の間違いがあるので多少修正したが完ぺきではないのでご注意。
Margaret Catley-Carlson: Talking Water at the World Economic Forum
Posted By Eric Daigh On February 26, 2008 @ 3:21 pm In Commentary, Policy + Politics
Margaret Catley-Carlson is chairperson of [1] Global Water Partnership, a working partnership among formed in 1996 by the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. From the U.N. Global Compact to what you can do, Catley-Carlson talks all things water at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
Margaret Catley-Carlson: I have a very interesting position in that I either sit on the board or chair six or seven organizations that work in the science and policy of water. I’m not an expert of any kind. I’m not an oligist of any kind. I’m not a hydroligist, an agronomist, a geologist, but I have the great privilege of listening to them day after day, week after week and finding out about the world of water.
J. Carl Ganter - Circle of Blue: Here at Davos, water has become a major priority. Can you characterize that: Why is has it become a priority and what’s coming out of the discussions?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: First of all, I’d characterize it by saying, Great! Last year at Davos, there were sort of one and a half water sessions. Before that it’s been very difficult to get it on the schedule at all. So some good people certainly in the corporate sector, but some good people also in the Davos secretariat have worked very hard to say, ‘Look there is an increasing concern about water.’ When businessmen are canvassed on what they see as the risk factors ahead, water has been moving up. You can make lots of puns and say the water line is rising. There was a canvas done of Fortune 500 companies and something like 70 percent of the executives canvassed said that a major water disruption would make huge difference to their company. Of course if you characterize this as floods, hurricanes, etc., it would make a major difference to all of us. But they were talking about the universe of water risk in terms of quality, quantity, the kind of things that really are changing around the world. So what’s great about this meeting is that the business community as a community and as businesses are saying, “Let’s talk about this.” I’m very glad when they talk about bringing drinking water to people that don’t have it. That’s the other side of the house. They’re now talking about the self-interest of well-managed water. And I think that that’s quite a big step forward.
JCG: You’ve mentioned that water is local, local, local. How does “local” come into play.
Margaret Catley-Carlson: When I make speeches, I always start out by saying “I’m going to turn you all into water experts. I want you to repeat three times after me: “Water is local, water is local and water is local.” And then the next thing I do is say now, draw two circles in your mind. One of them is the management and the care of the lakes, the rivers, the groundwater, the water that runs into the oceans and does damage or otherwise to coral reefs. The water in the soil, the water melting in the glaciers, that’s water resource management. And that is, if you wish, the big circle. That is how well we are taking care of the resources that sustain us. That’s the circle from which we get the food that we eat, that’s the circle that we get the electricity that we get through hydro. Water transport, tourism, all the rest of it. Now there’s another circle and that’s called drinking water and sanitation. The lingo people call it the “taps and toilets” part of water. The two of them are linked. If you’ve got bad sanitation, you’re going to get bad water quality as well. But the two circle are quite different. So when you ask the question, How do we ever pull these things together? a lot of the public interest is in the drinking water, taps and toilets business. That’s what hits the headlines. That’s where you get the big debate about privatization. This is where, mostly where water as a human right argument or debate is. But I am trying to pull attention to the two circles because the enveloping circle, the big circle, is where you have to look to how you understand the totality of water. In the small circle, it’s basically a question as to whether water, poverty, delivering water to everybody, is a priority, including financial. In the big circle, the people that call the shots might well be the minister of mines, a big company that is building a big transport company. What affects water quality and quantity is very unlikely to be under the rubric of water. It’s going to be those that affect erosion, water quality, stability, all sorts of other factors.
JCG: Looking toward the future, what’s next? What comes out of Davos?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: Ideal world scenario: Now that Davos has raised some consciousness, now that a number of members of the business community are saying, ‘Hey, water affects me, I’ve got an enlightened self interest in doing something about this,’ the first thing that the call to action — which was a really good paper available on the web produced here … if you want to know about water in a [2] six-page capsule it will tell you all the facts, even all the [3] cocktail snippets you need to know about water. It recommends three things: The first one is that the business leaders sign something called the “Call to Action.” This isn’t even a Davos document, it’s a U.N. document coming from something called the Global Compact, which is a group of business persons that support within the U.N., some of the goals of the United Nations, including achieving the Millennium Development Goals, which try to get more water and sanitation and a better world to a lot of people that don’t have it now. So sign the Global Compact first. What does the Global Compact ask? That you do three things. First of all, you find out about your water footprint with a view of getting as close to water neutrality as possible. The second one is you find out what the state of water management is in your river basin. In other words, back to the rivers, the lakes, the underground water. How these connect — where the threats are, what the quality is, what the quantity is. Now if you’re a multinational company with operations manufacturing in seven countries and sales in a hundred countries, your backyard has a lot of water basins in it. So this isn’t just for headquarters and this isn’t just one manufacturing site. So in other words, it’s becoming informed about what is creating the water quality and quantity situations in a large part of the world. Third part: Get involved in this. At least to some extent so that the guys who are setting the rules, the regulations, whether they’re being observed or not. The policing of this, the observance of the protection of watersheds, the upstream downstream… you cut down the forest upstream it’s going to have a big impact downstream. So get involved, find out if there’s something you can do as part of corporate policy. Find out how you can actually help shape the water universe that you particularly live in, remembering that you may live in several. If you’re a company with interests in a number of countries. Back to a water footprint. What’s a water footprint? It’s the amount of water that you cause to be involved in production and distribution processes. What are you growing, what are you manufacturing? Lemon juice? Ok, you’ve got all of the orchards. Where are they planted? How much pesticide, fertilizer are they using? How much of the outflow of that goes into the water stream? How do you wash these things? How much water are you actually using there? Have you looked at both the water and energy implications of the transport that you’re using to get those lemons to distribution centers? Are you shipping concentrate or are you shipping lemons? Are you shipping this in the most economical sense, not just in terms of money, but in terms of water and energy? Follow the chain through — what’s the manufacturing and processing plant look like? Is is being done in the best way possible? Start looking at distribution. How does this material, how does the lemon juice actually leave the factory? How does it get to consumers? How is it packed? Are those throw-away containers? Or are these reusable containers, or ideal world, are these things that will biodegrade when the light hits them if they get thrown somewhere in a landfill. You can see now I could go into how are they arranged in the supermarket, etc. But you begin to see what the water footprint is. It’s really how does my product and how do my processes affect the water universe in which they live. I call this the water mirror sometimes. Hold up your water mirror, look behind you and you’ll see what the universe of water is, that within which you’re working and then look deeper into the water mirror and see what your own footprint is.
JCG: We need some major paradigm shifts as to how individuals look at water and act on water. What’s going to cause those shifts?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: I think occasions such as Davos are very useful. They bring home that this is not simply worrying that people in far away lands don’t have drinking water. And yes, please, keep worrying about that. It’s something as human beings we can worry a lot about. But it’s also saying, ‘Hey, this is adding to the list of things I’ve really got to worry about in order to be in business.’ And that is good. There’s been a fair amount, not enough, of media coverage. I hope that we can continue working with media to say, How do you understand these two circles of concern about water. How do you cover these? What’s the non-sensational story? How do we make sure that we’re not talking about real collapses and disasters in ten years? These are actually happening in some places now. How do we make sure that these are not being universalized? How do we make sure that conditions are kept as good as they can be in a number of places? I sat across from some business leaders yesterday saying, “Oh sure, we make our decisions about whether we’re going to locate plants very much based on water availability.” I said, “Do you ever talk to the countries where you’ve decided _not_ to be about water?” "No, no we wouldn’t do that, we talk to the ones where we’ve decided to be.” So in a sense, it’s the growing awareness, I hope, of the countries that didn’t get the jobs, and didn’t get the employment, if they improve their water management, that they might improve their economic prospects, their development, their employment, better life for people.
JCG: What about the individual?
Margaret Catley-Carlson: People ask, ‘What should I be doing about water?’ You know all of those funny little things about turning off the tap, really being conscious that you really don’t need a 20-minute shower, washing your car occasionally and not all the time? This really counts. Why does this count? I’m Canadian — we have seven to 10 percent of the world’s resources. Canadians say, “Surely I don’t have to care about this, we’ve got all the water in the world. ”Well, you’ve got all the water in the world. But you’re not using that river, or that lake, which is all the water in the world. You’re using something which has been collected, it’s been piped, it’s been chemically adjusted to make sure that it’s pure. It has been transported. At each stage of this, there’s pumping, there’s energy expense, there’s expense to the community that could be used for other things. So every time you have a good long shower, you are sending carbon particles into the air just as thoroughly as that truck going down the road in front of you that you’re looking at and saying, “This is why we have global warming. ”Next time you have a 20-minute shower, you’re sending carbon particles into the air, too, because somebody had to pump that water to get there and that pump sent carbon particles into the air. So, yes, you can do quite a bit by your water use. It isn’t just about water, it’s about water, it’s about energy, it’s about a lot of things.
活字化した担当者の間違いがあるので多少修正したが完ぺきではないのでご注意。
１２５：Water AlternativesというEジャーナル
最近発見した水資源に係る新しいEジャーナルをご紹介する。
Why this journal?
WaA is an interdisciplinary journal addressing the full range of issues that water raises in contemporary societies. Its ambition is to provide space for alternative and critical thinking on such issues (see our manifesto for more details).
WaA welcomes contributions that address any dimension of water resources development, management and use, and their relations with society and the environment. Subject coverage includes (but is not limited to):
Water policy at global and national levels
Water governance and water reforms
The politics of everyday water management (irrigation, watershed, etc.)
Water knowledge systems, concepts and discourses
Water and economics
The politics of water provision and use
Water, environment and society
Water, technology and society
Water, globalization and geopolitics
Water, power and social divisions: gender, class, ethnicity
WaA offers four distinct rubrics:
Scholarly articles (Articles)
Short articles that are not academic in scope and may reflect some opinion (Viewpoints)
Book reviews (Reviews)
Responses to earlier articles (Responses).
As a worldwide high-quality peer-reviewed eJournal, WaA offers the following advantages:
Full and free access to articles, ensuring worldwide outreach and intellectual multiplier effect.
Reduced time interval between acceptance of articles and their publication online: WaA will propose new articles three times per year, time lag between approval of articles and publication will not exceed 4 months. In addition, articles will be made available as soon as they reach the final stage of production to registered users, who may access articles (preview).
Financial support for the launching of Water Alternatives has been provided by the Irrigation and Water Engineering group of Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France
まだ発刊してから２年目だが中々興味深い論文があるので興味のある方はどうぞ。
編集委員には意外な人物が。シンガポール・Lee Kuan Yew大学のアララル教授の名前があった。彼はフィリピン人で以前世銀のT/Aを実施していた時、世銀側のコーディネーターであった。あれから７年出世したものだ。世銀の水資源専門家のメイシーさんに絞られていた。そう言えば、メイシー女史はどこで何をしているのだろうか。９０年代後半には随分と威勢のいい活動をしていたが。
最近はアジ銀のほうが世銀より水資源管理開発に熱心で世銀のアジアモンスーン地域での活動は比較的地味である。比国でもIWRM支援は諦めたようだ。インドネシアやヴェトナムでも同様である。
Why this journal?
WaA is an interdisciplinary journal addressing the full range of issues that water raises in contemporary societies. Its ambition is to provide space for alternative and critical thinking on such issues (see our manifesto for more details).
WaA welcomes contributions that address any dimension of water resources development, management and use, and their relations with society and the environment. Subject coverage includes (but is not limited to):
Water policy at global and national levels
Water governance and water reforms
The politics of everyday water management (irrigation, watershed, etc.)
Water knowledge systems, concepts and discourses
Water and economics
The politics of water provision and use
Water, environment and society
Water, technology and society
Water, globalization and geopolitics
Water, power and social divisions: gender, class, ethnicity
WaA offers four distinct rubrics:
Scholarly articles (Articles)
Short articles that are not academic in scope and may reflect some opinion (Viewpoints)
Book reviews (Reviews)
Responses to earlier articles (Responses).
As a worldwide high-quality peer-reviewed eJournal, WaA offers the following advantages:
Full and free access to articles, ensuring worldwide outreach and intellectual multiplier effect.
Reduced time interval between acceptance of articles and their publication online: WaA will propose new articles three times per year, time lag between approval of articles and publication will not exceed 4 months. In addition, articles will be made available as soon as they reach the final stage of production to registered users, who may access articles (preview).
Financial support for the launching of Water Alternatives has been provided by the Irrigation and Water Engineering group of Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France
まだ発刊してから２年目だが中々興味深い論文があるので興味のある方はどうぞ。
編集委員には意外な人物が。シンガポール・Lee Kuan Yew大学のアララル教授の名前があった。彼はフィリピン人で以前世銀のT/Aを実施していた時、世銀側のコーディネーターであった。あれから７年出世したものだ。世銀の水資源専門家のメイシーさんに絞られていた。そう言えば、メイシー女史はどこで何をしているのだろうか。９０年代後半には随分と威勢のいい活動をしていたが。
最近はアジ銀のほうが世銀より水資源管理開発に熱心で世銀のアジアモンスーン地域での活動は比較的地味である。比国でもIWRM支援は諦めたようだ。インドネシアやヴェトナムでも同様である。
2009年3月27日金曜日
１２４：IWRMもNGOから批判されるのか？
ADBが進めるIWRMによる事業実施として有名なインドネシア・西部ジャワのチタルム川流域だが、地元NGOからのADB融資事業の撤退が叫ばれていたことを今日知った。
IWRMという利害関係者の参加・合意形成プロセスを経てMFFを実施しているかと思っていたが、昨年１２月のADB融資決定前にはローカルNGOの大キャンペーンが展開されていた。ジャカルタ・ポストにも記事が載っている、国際的NGOのBIC (Bank Information Center)でも取り上げられている。
これまで一体どういう合意形成がなされたのかのであろうか？
これではIWRM適用の意味がないのだが。事情はこれから精査するが、期待はずれかなあ？
しばらく状況を見守ろう。続報はまた。NGOもすべてがacceptableではないし。興味のある方は、「Citarum ADB Morris NGO」などと入れて検索してください。賛否両論の記事が読める。それにしてもADBのMorris氏は良く新聞に出てくる方だ。
IWRMという利害関係者の参加・合意形成プロセスを経てMFFを実施しているかと思っていたが、昨年１２月のADB融資決定前にはローカルNGOの大キャンペーンが展開されていた。ジャカルタ・ポストにも記事が載っている、国際的NGOのBIC (Bank Information Center)でも取り上げられている。
これまで一体どういう合意形成がなされたのかのであろうか？
これではIWRM適用の意味がないのだが。事情はこれから精査するが、期待はずれかなあ？
しばらく状況を見守ろう。続報はまた。NGOもすべてがacceptableではないし。興味のある方は、「Citarum ADB Morris NGO」などと入れて検索してください。賛否両論の記事が読める。それにしてもADBのMorris氏は良く新聞に出てくる方だ。
2009年3月26日木曜日
１２３：誰が水資源管理計画を作るのか（タンゴでは）
MDFのタンゴを読んでいると面白いことが分かる。それは組織強化の戦略を策定するのは誰かということ。
ドナーやコンサルタントが関与しているのかが適宜確認されている。水資源管理計画はだれが作るのかによってプロセスは違ってくるはずだ。
先進国なら自国の専門家でできることだが、開発途上国の場合は如何に？
そうした配慮がないと指針の成果が得られない。EU諸国の場合はdirectiveの実施は加盟国の実施が必然であるが自国の専門家で作成できない場合もある。
従って、WRMのハンドブックやガイドラインはその点に考慮すべきである。MDFはそうした点に非常に細やかに配慮されている。さすがにコンサルタント会社である。
ネパールで実施されていたJICAの教育技プロでも適用されたと今日知った。
ドナーやコンサルタントが関与しているのかが適宜確認されている。水資源管理計画はだれが作るのかによってプロセスは違ってくるはずだ。
先進国なら自国の専門家でできることだが、開発途上国の場合は如何に？
そうした配慮がないと指針の成果が得られない。EU諸国の場合はdirectiveの実施は加盟国の実施が必然であるが自国の専門家で作成できない場合もある。
従って、WRMのハンドブックやガイドラインはその点に考慮すべきである。MDFはそうした点に非常に細やかに配慮されている。さすがにコンサルタント会社である。
ネパールで実施されていたJICAの教育技プロでも適用されたと今日知った。
１２２：組織強化プログラム（タンゴ）
すでに本ブログでご紹介したＭＤＦのタンゴだが、組織強化プログラムとして４０もの
ツールがあり４００ページにもなる。まず第１のツールは「基本的な質問」である。
コンサルタントは調査開始事前段階から当該国の関係機関などに対して質問表
を提出し事前の回答を得ることを常としているが、まともな回答を得たことが稀であり、
小生も質問の基本的なあり方はどうあるべきか学んでいた。口頭での質問も同様であり、的確な
質問から的確な回答が得られることになる。ただし、実際の状況は否定的な場合が
多い。例えば、旧共産国などでは嘘ではないが本当のことを言っていただけないことが
あり、信頼関係が形成できるまでじっと我慢である。結局得られないことも多いが。
さて、「基本的な質問」だが、組織或いはその周辺環境での問題・課題はなにか？という
ことから、いくつかの質問が想定される。
このプログラムでは、
1. Identity entity
2. Identity case-owner
3. Explore the entity
4. Verify the nature
5. Focus the criteria
6. optional: Formulate sub-questions
7. Present tentative Basic Question
8. Need based: Review Basic Question
というプロセスを経て、問題や課題に対する的確な質問を絞り込んでいく。中々ここまで
じっくりと精査しないが、例えばＩＷＲＭという合意形成を主眼としたプロセスでは当然であろう。
ガイドラインなどを作る際は尚更である。
例えば「あなたが関わる流域で行われている水資源管理においてGood Practiceは
なんですか？という質問をする場合、GoodやPracticeをある基準で定義すべきであろう。単なる
成功話は意味がない。主観的で個人的な観点では普遍性が得られず他の例との
評価や比較ができないのである。
非常に基本的なプロセスだが、組織強化といったプロセスの中で、まずは処方箋として
の質問を適正化する意味は非常に大きい。
暫く、insititutional developmentとorganisational strengtheningのお勉強が続きそうだ。
ツールがあり４００ページにもなる。まず第１のツールは「基本的な質問」である。
コンサルタントは調査開始事前段階から当該国の関係機関などに対して質問表
を提出し事前の回答を得ることを常としているが、まともな回答を得たことが稀であり、
小生も質問の基本的なあり方はどうあるべきか学んでいた。口頭での質問も同様であり、的確な
質問から的確な回答が得られることになる。ただし、実際の状況は否定的な場合が
多い。例えば、旧共産国などでは嘘ではないが本当のことを言っていただけないことが
あり、信頼関係が形成できるまでじっと我慢である。結局得られないことも多いが。
さて、「基本的な質問」だが、組織或いはその周辺環境での問題・課題はなにか？という
ことから、いくつかの質問が想定される。
このプログラムでは、
1. Identity entity
2. Identity case-owner
3. Explore the entity
4. Verify the nature
5. Focus the criteria
6. optional: Formulate sub-questions
7. Present tentative Basic Question
8. Need based: Review Basic Question
というプロセスを経て、問題や課題に対する的確な質問を絞り込んでいく。中々ここまで
じっくりと精査しないが、例えばＩＷＲＭという合意形成を主眼としたプロセスでは当然であろう。
ガイドラインなどを作る際は尚更である。
例えば「あなたが関わる流域で行われている水資源管理においてGood Practiceは
なんですか？という質問をする場合、GoodやPracticeをある基準で定義すべきであろう。単なる
成功話は意味がない。主観的で個人的な観点では普遍性が得られず他の例との
評価や比較ができないのである。
非常に基本的なプロセスだが、組織強化といったプロセスの中で、まずは処方箋として
の質問を適正化する意味は非常に大きい。
暫く、insititutional developmentとorganisational strengtheningのお勉強が続きそうだ。
１２１：第6回世界水フォーラム開催場所
ＷＷＣの発表によると2012年の第6回世界水フォーラムの開催は南アのDurbanと決まった。
Durban（ダーバン）はインド洋に面する港町。レソト王国の東側に位置する。
小生も1996年にレソト高原導水プロジェクトに日本人として一人参加して国際的なコンサルタント
として修行したが、ダーバンまでは出かけることはなかった。治安の悪さとＨＩＶ真っ盛りという
時代だったからだ。
確か、ＷＷＣの本拠地であるマルセイユとダーバンが候補地として手を上げたがダーバンに決まった
ようだ。南アはこのブログでも度々紹介したとおりＩＷＲＭの実施のメッカであり、02年のＷＳＳＤ会議
から10年にあたりある種の意気込みが感じられる。
ＤＷＡＦ（水資源・森林省）が進めてきたトップダウン型のＩＷＲＭや利害関係者支援プログラムなどの
成果が期待できる。利害関係者の学習プログラムとして「Spiral Model」があり興味深い。
後３年後、自費で参加できればぜひ行ってみたい。
Durban（ダーバン）はインド洋に面する港町。レソト王国の東側に位置する。
小生も1996年にレソト高原導水プロジェクトに日本人として一人参加して国際的なコンサルタント
として修行したが、ダーバンまでは出かけることはなかった。治安の悪さとＨＩＶ真っ盛りという
時代だったからだ。
確か、ＷＷＣの本拠地であるマルセイユとダーバンが候補地として手を上げたがダーバンに決まった
ようだ。南アはこのブログでも度々紹介したとおりＩＷＲＭの実施のメッカであり、02年のＷＳＳＤ会議
から10年にあたりある種の意気込みが感じられる。
ＤＷＡＦ（水資源・森林省）が進めてきたトップダウン型のＩＷＲＭや利害関係者支援プログラムなどの
成果が期待できる。利害関係者の学習プログラムとして「Spiral Model」があり興味深い。
後３年後、自費で参加できればぜひ行ってみたい。
2009年3月25日水曜日
１２０：南ア・マンデラ大統領の言葉
２００２年に南アでWSSD会議が開かれたがマンデラ大統領が下記の言葉を記した。
"Among the many things that I learnt as president was the centrality of water in the social, political and economic affairs of the country, the continent and the world."
Nelson Mandela, World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg 2002
IWRMを連呼するだけでなく自然でインパクトのある表現で水資源管理の重要性を発信したいものである。centrality of waterは中々意味の深い言葉である。positional importance of waterとも言えるか。
IWRMを推進するには豊かな表現力と説明力が必要である。総合的な知が重要である。
"Among the many things that I learnt as president was the centrality of water in the social, political and economic affairs of the country, the continent and the world."
Nelson Mandela, World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg 2002
IWRMを連呼するだけでなく自然でインパクトのある表現で水資源管理の重要性を発信したいものである。centrality of waterは中々意味の深い言葉である。positional importance of waterとも言えるか。
IWRMを推進するには豊かな表現力と説明力が必要である。総合的な知が重要である。
2009年3月24日火曜日
１１９：第５回世界水フォーラム（第３報）
UNESCOのサイトから水フォーラムで発表されたというUNESCOのIWRMガイドラインの英語版がダウンロードできることが分かった。
若干アクセスが悪いが、時間をかけてダウンロードした。興味のある方は下記にアクセスしてダウンロードしていただきたい。
http://www.unesco.org/water/news/newsletter/214.shtml
内容については精査後にコメントしたい。英語的な表現の不自然さが若干見受けられた。またIWRMのガイドラインだが、「IWRM」という表記が結構多くあるという印象を持った。１ページあたり６から７。
イギリスの最新の水管理計画ではまったく使われていないことは以前述べたとおりである。IWRMはどのようなものかを別な言葉でいろいろ表現していただけると誰でもが理解できるかと感じた。strategic, road map, affordability, action planなどの関連の言葉が少し少ないような気がした。affordability（和訳は値ごろ感である）の代わりにacceptabilityが１回使われていた。代わりに、affodableが何回が使われているのは大変よい。
因みに、ＧＷＰとＩＮＢＯが協働で作成した「A Handbook for Integrated Water Resources in Basins」ではＩＷＲＭという表現が100ページで61箇所でそれほど多いという印象はなかった。読み進めるうちにIWRMという表記がなくなり、概念と実行が自然と身に付く過程に成功している。また、strategic, roadmap, action planはそれぞれ３７、５、６２箇所であった。ＩＷＲＭの戦略的な側面が強調されている。affordabilityとacceptabilityは使われていなかった。affordableという表現で強調されている。ＳＥＡは残念ながらまだ導入されていない。
若干アクセスが悪いが、時間をかけてダウンロードした。興味のある方は下記にアクセスしてダウンロードしていただきたい。
http://www.unesco.org/water/news/newsletter/214.shtml
内容については精査後にコメントしたい。英語的な表現の不自然さが若干見受けられた。またIWRMのガイドラインだが、「IWRM」という表記が結構多くあるという印象を持った。１ページあたり６から７。
イギリスの最新の水管理計画ではまったく使われていないことは以前述べたとおりである。IWRMはどのようなものかを別な言葉でいろいろ表現していただけると誰でもが理解できるかと感じた。strategic, road map, affordability, action planなどの関連の言葉が少し少ないような気がした。affordability（和訳は値ごろ感である）の代わりにacceptabilityが１回使われていた。代わりに、affodableが何回が使われているのは大変よい。
因みに、ＧＷＰとＩＮＢＯが協働で作成した「A Handbook for Integrated Water Resources in Basins」ではＩＷＲＭという表現が100ページで61箇所でそれほど多いという印象はなかった。読み進めるうちにIWRMという表記がなくなり、概念と実行が自然と身に付く過程に成功している。また、strategic, roadmap, action planはそれぞれ３７、５、６２箇所であった。ＩＷＲＭの戦略的な側面が強調されている。affordabilityとacceptabilityは使われていなかった。affordableという表現で強調されている。ＳＥＡは残念ながらまだ導入されていない。
2009年3月23日月曜日
１１８：第５回世界水フォーラムから（第２報）
先週の第５回世界水フォーラムも終わったようだ。関係者を直接知らないので何が行われたかは逐次ネットなどで伝わってくるだろうか。現段階で日本に係るニュースは２つあった。
一つは皇太子さまの発言。もう一つは森元首相の提言である。
トルコ訪問中の皇太子さまは１６日、イスタンブールで開かれた第５回世界水フォーラムの開会式に出席された。英語であいさつした皇太子さまは、水問題と密接に関連する地球温暖化防止策への取り組みを促した上で、「世界各地から集まった人々が立場の違いを超えて自由に議論し、その成果を世界に向けて発信していくことは、今後の国際社会や市民社会にとって大変意義深いものになる」と述べられた。（共同）
この自由な議論と成果の世界への発信がどれほどのものかはこれから精査したい。
森元首相が１９日記者団に発表したのは「水管理庁」の創設構想である。中々いい考えである。具体的な内容をこれから見守りたい。
その他はあまり伝わっていない。皇太子さまの「品格」のあるコメントと森元首相の「大胆な構想」はウェルカム！！
一つは皇太子さまの発言。もう一つは森元首相の提言である。
トルコ訪問中の皇太子さまは１６日、イスタンブールで開かれた第５回世界水フォーラムの開会式に出席された。英語であいさつした皇太子さまは、水問題と密接に関連する地球温暖化防止策への取り組みを促した上で、「世界各地から集まった人々が立場の違いを超えて自由に議論し、その成果を世界に向けて発信していくことは、今後の国際社会や市民社会にとって大変意義深いものになる」と述べられた。（共同）
この自由な議論と成果の世界への発信がどれほどのものかはこれから精査したい。
森元首相が１９日記者団に発表したのは「水管理庁」の創設構想である。中々いい考えである。具体的な内容をこれから見守りたい。
その他はあまり伝わっていない。皇太子さまの「品格」のあるコメントと森元首相の「大胆な構想」はウェルカム！！
2009年3月22日日曜日
１１７：関東と関西の違い（英語）
１９日から数日休暇をとり３０年ぶりに関西方面に出かけた。水とはまったく関係ないが、大阪や京都で見かけた些細なことでも東京とはまったく違う文化だなということを気づかされた。外国に行った感じもする。東京にいる関西人はさぞさみしいだろう。
ほんの一例だが、鉄道の英語でのアナウンスが気になった。東京では、
Please change here for ~（何々線への乗り換えは次で）のforをhereと同じ強さで発音するので奇異な感じを受けていた。forはやや弱めでいい。
大阪や京都の地下鉄でのアナウンスメントではhereが強くforが弱い発音で自然だった。まあ、採用したネイティブの発音の言い方がたまたま違ったと考えられるが、東京での言い方は明らかに不自然である。
以前から関西人のほうが英語力があると感じてはいたが何か関連があるのだろうか。関西と関東の英語力（TOEFLやTOEICなど）を大学別に比べればたぶん関西のほうが平均点が高いかもしれない。
大阪のお好み焼き屋ではウーロンハイがなかったのは残念。ウーロンの酎ハイか？水の話は次回から。
ほんの一例だが、鉄道の英語でのアナウンスが気になった。東京では、
Please change here for ~（何々線への乗り換えは次で）のforをhereと同じ強さで発音するので奇異な感じを受けていた。forはやや弱めでいい。
大阪や京都の地下鉄でのアナウンスメントではhereが強くforが弱い発音で自然だった。まあ、採用したネイティブの発音の言い方がたまたま違ったと考えられるが、東京での言い方は明らかに不自然である。
以前から関西人のほうが英語力があると感じてはいたが何か関連があるのだろうか。関西と関東の英語力（TOEFLやTOEICなど）を大学別に比べればたぶん関西のほうが平均点が高いかもしれない。
大阪のお好み焼き屋ではウーロンハイがなかったのは残念。ウーロンの酎ハイか？水の話は次回から。
2009年3月19日木曜日
１１６：世界水フォーラム（第1報）
南米グアテマラのTimesの報道記事を下記にご紹介。カナダのIISDプレスリリースに対応している。IISDのウェブサイトからはさらに詳しい情報は得られるのでご覧になってください。
5TH WORLD WATER FORUM HIGHLIGHTS, Day 1
Tuesday, 17 March 2009 12:43 Press Release. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
The 5th World Water Forum opened on Monday, 16 March 2009 in Istanbul, Turkey and will continue until 22 March. Participants convened in a morning plenary to hear opening statements and watch presentations of the Turkish Republic Prime Minister's Water Prize and the King Hassan II Great World Water Prize. In the afternoon, the thematic sessions were opened and the World Water Development Report was launched. Participants also attended special focus sessions.
The World Water Forum seeks to enable multi-stakeholder participation and dialogue to influence water policy making at a global level, in pursuit of sustainable development. Over 100 thematic sessions are scheduled, and more than 28,000 participants are expected to attend, representing governments, UN agencies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, the media and other civil society groups.
The Forum's main theme, "bridging divides for water," will be addressed through six sub-themes: global change and risk management; advancing human development and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); managing and protecting water resources; governance and management; finance; and education, knowledge and capacity development.
A Water Fair and Water Expo will also take place during the Forum, offering a platform for participants to present their achievements and highlight the cultural aspects of water. A Learning Centre will further exchanges of knowledge and experience, while events that enable participation of the major groups convened under Agenda 21, particularly children, youth and women, will also be held.
OPENING THE FORUM
OPENING STATEMENTS: Oktay Tabasaran, Secretary General of the 5th World Water Forum, welcomed participants, emphasizing that its main objective is to urgently address the issue of efficient water use. He said the Forum will also be a venue for discussing economic development, local water management, risk management, human development and the MDG objectives.
Loïc Fauchon, President of the World Water Council (WWC), stressed that while ensuring access to water is a "difficult and long road to be traveled," it must be addressed. He called for rigorous and harmonious water sharing, and noted the importance of political will in this regard. Fauchon emphasized the need for effective water management, protection of the poorest people and the need to consider the principle of virtual water.
Noting that the ideals of Istanbul are peace and tolerance, Kadir Topbaş, Mayor of Istanbul, welcomed participants to the city. He noted that cities are major consumers of water resources and that local authorities have an obligation to protect natural resources and plan for the water security of future generations.
Veysel Eroğlu, Minister of Environment and Forestry of Turkey, emphasized that water issues affect peace and that stability can only be achieved through fair division of water resources. He said water is critical for development and noted the need to address drought in Africa and elsewhere. Eroğlu underscored the importance of large infrastructure for water security in Turkey, and stressed that the Forum's objective is not to commercialize water but to provide "good quality water for all."
José Luis Luege Tamargo, Director General of the Mexico National Water Commission, on behalf of President Felipe Calderón of Mexico, described the water management, climate change and infrastructure projects initiated at the 4th World Water Forum in Mexico City.
UN Undersecretary-General Sha Zukang, on behalf of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, highlighted that the World Water Forum facilitates dialogue between the policy community and civil society. He recommended four strategic action areas for the Forum, namely: emphasizing linkages between water and climate change; learning from disaster risk reduction to increase adaptive capacity; improving human and institutional capacity, backed by financial resources; and recognizing the importance of cooperative transboundary water management.
Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Morocco, noted that the Forum follows the 2008 High-Level Conference on World Food Security, precedes the 2009 UN negotiations on a post-2012 climate regime, and is taking place during an international financial crisis.
Naruhito Kotaishi, Crown Prince of Japan, stressed the need for collaboration to resolve pressing water issues and strengthen initiatives for achieving the MDGs. He emphasized, inter alia: the link between water and climate change; the importance of water financing initiatives and of ministerial-level dialogues and regional summits to foster collaboration; and the need for monitoring and capacity building through UN-Water.
Abdullah Gül, President of the Republic of Turkey, emphasized that water is not only a technical issue but a matter that requires political attention and priority at the highest level. He said the international community must recognize the limited nature of water and highlighted that changes in policies are necessary to address water scarcity. He said the 5th World Water Forum will take previous efforts one step further and called on the international community to bridge divides for water.
Children representatives from 21 countries then appeared on stage to symbolize cultural cooperation. The Tekfen Philharmonic Orchestra, comprised of musicians from 23 countries in the Caspian and Eastern Mediterranean regions, brought the plenary to a close.
TURKISH REPUBLIC PRIME MINISTER'S WATER PRIZE: Irfan Aker, World Water Council Board of Governors, on behalf of Turkey's Prime Minister, presented the Turkish Prime Minister's Water Prize, which honors media representatives for coverage of national and international water issues. The international prize was awarded to Alison Bartle, Aqua-Media International. National prizes were awarded to Özgür Coban (Anatolian Agency), Özgür Yildirim (Channel 24), and Gurhan Savgi (Zaman Daily Newspaper), and for the programme Yeşil Ekren on NTV (accepted by Erman Yerdelen).
KING HASSAN II GREAT WORLD WATER PRIZE: Prime Minister El Fassi introduced the third King Hassan II Great World Water Prize for cooperation and solidarity in the fields of management and development in water resources. Abdelkébir Zahoud, Morocco's Secretary of State in charge of water and environment, presented the prize to Abdulatif Yousef Al-Hamad, Director General of the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. Al-Hamad commended Morocco's leadership in water management and enumerated water projects funded by his organization.
OPENING OF THEMATIC SESSIONS
Henk van Schaik, Co-operative Programme on Water and Climate, on the theme "global change and risk management," highlighted the links between water, climate change, disasters and migrations. Pasquale Steduto, UN-Water Chair / Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), on "human development and the MDGs," urged strengthening national capacity to enable on-the-ground action. Karin Krchnak, The Nature Conservancy, on "managing and protecting water resources," emphasized the importance of integrated water resource management to meet human and environmental needs.
Andre Dzikus, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), on "governance and management," highlighted that the water and sanitation crisis is a governance and management crisis, and not one of resources. Abel Mejia, World Bank, on "finance," discussed: barriers to sustainable financing; pricing of water services; and access to water and sanitation for the poor. András Szöllösi-Nagy, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), on "education, knowledge and capacity building," noted that the draft 5th Forum Ministerial Declaration had weaker language than was called for during preparatory thematic meetings.
Kusum Athukorala, Associated Development Research Consultants, stressed that the Forum's six themes must be translated into the ministerial process, and Sahana Singh, Asian Water, emphasized that politicians should advocate for "tough change." Monica Scatasta, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, said the thematic process must develop common understandings of critical topics, including cost recovery and water pricing. Ibrahim Gürer, Gazi University, reminded participants to use the thematic sessions to enhance mutual understanding.
LAUNCH OF WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT
UNESCO Director-General Koїchiro Matsuura launched the Third World Water Development Report (WWDR-3), outlining actions to address future water challenges. He highlighted the Report's key messages, including inter alia: the need to involve water specialists in decision making; the significant impact that decisions to address climate change in the energy sector have for water use; the importance of monitoring and assessment for sound water management; and the need to strengthen capacity in developing countries.
Ali Backoğlu, Deputy Governor of Istanbul, encouraged enhancing collaboration among countries, sectors and stakeholders. Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan, said the Report will help policy makers to apply the most advanced approaches and technologies to water management.
Alexander Müller, FAO, Hasan Zuhuri Sarikaya, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey, and Pasquale Steduto, UN-Water Chair / FAO, welcomed the launch of the report as a useful tool for the sustainable management of water resources. András Szöllözi-Nagy, UNESCO, emphasized that external factors impact water resources and that increased water storage capacity is essential for responding to climate change.
Olcay Ünver, World Water Assessment Programme, and William Cosgrove, WWDR-3, underscored the Report's paradigm shift from a water-specific focus to one that addresses the external drivers of water resource use, and the Report's linkages between water use and broader development objectives.
Kenneth Konga, Ministry of Energy and Water Development, Zambia, presented the Zambian case study from WWDR-3. Narcio-Rodrigues da Silveira, Vice President, Brazil, proposed the immediate constitution of a "World Water Parliament."
Yong-Joo Cho, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, outlined Korea's water management efforts in the context of climate change. Giorgio Sfara, Development Cooperation, Italy, highlighted the G8 Evian Plan and its enhanced implementation strategy in partnership with African countries.
SPECIAL FOCUS SESSIONS
RUNNING DRY! HOW TO TURN DROUGHTS INTO OPPORTUNITIES FOR BETTER MANAGEMENT: Session moderator Marta Moren, Spain's General Director of Water, opened the panel by stressing the need for effective drought management at the national and global levels. Milagros Couchoud, Mediterranean Water Institute, noted that Spain has many water management experiences to share. Hachmi Kennon, WWC, highlighted the successful implementation of a drought management plan during the recent four-year drought in Spain. Juan Antonio Arrese Luco, Ministry of Public Works, Chile, noted that climate change and its impact on water availability have moved to the top of the political agenda. Jean-Paul Rivaud, Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development, Town and Country Planning, France, called for sustained public awareness campaigns to enhance water efficiency. Donald Wilhite, National Drought Mitigation Center, US, noted that the world should: move away from crisis management in favor of risk management; engage stakeholders in developing drought mitigation plans; and establish priorities for a comprehensive drought policy.
In the ensuing discussion, participants noted that drought is a natural cyclical process and called for a greater focus on adaptation strategies. Other contributors stressed the need for bottom-up approaches to reduce water-related conflicts and flexible drought management plans.
During roundtable discussions, Carlos Motta Nunes, Brazil, presented drought management activities from Brazil's northeastern region. Noting that the region receives sufficient rainfall, but within a short period each year, he emphasized that adequate water infrastructure and local government involvement are prerequisites for equitable water access. Javier Ferrer, Spain, described Júcar River Basin activities, highlighting benefits of moving from an emergency response to a risk reduction framework. Erkan Emіnoğlu, Turkey, reported on the country's national drought strategy, developed using a consultative approach.
The closing discussions highlighted: linking water management to other environmental sectors; promoting drought-resistant crops and animal species; the legal basis for inter-basin water transfers; the availability of finances for upgrading water systems; farmers' education on best practices; and children's participation in water management planning.
HEALTH, DIGNITY AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS: THE WAY FORWARD FOR GENDER EQUITY: Co-chair Kenza Kaouakib-Robinson, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), opened the session, calling for gender-disaggregated data in the water and sanitation sectors based on the recommendations of an expert group meeting convened by UN-DESA and the UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC).
Session co-chair Uschi Eid, UN Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation, called for an end to the "speechlessness" surrounding sanitation, and urged development partners to insist that adequate toilets be preconditions for releasing funding for health and education projects.
Bertrand Charrier, Chirac Foundation, emphasized that water and sanitation are not the same issue and that both have unique gender-related dimensions. Two women who attended the Women and Water Preparatory Conference - Hilal Gonca Coşkun, Istanbul Technical University, and Siegmien Staphorst, Women for Water Partnership - discussed the meeting's outcomes, including a request to heads of states and ministers to implement gender-responsive budgeting in water and sanitation.
Elmira Joldosheva, Central Asian Alliance for Water, presented experiences in water and sanitation in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, noting their success in training women as regional sanitation facilitators.
In a high-level debate, Nimet Çubukçu, Minister for Women and Family Affairs, Turkey, stressed the need for women's involvement in decision-making processes, emphasized the importance of awareness raising and capacity building, and noted the specific role of women in agriculture and irrigation.
Santha Sheela Nair, Minister of Rural Development, India, highlighted the taboos surrounding discussion of menstruation and defecation. She emphasized that sanitary facilities must be context-appropriate and account for issues such as safety, water availability and the needs of children, babies and adults.
Asfaw Dingamo, Minister of Water Resources, Ethiopia, provided examples demonstrating how gender issues have been incorporated into the national agenda over the last 20 years, including the recent Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Movement. Participants discussed: gender in relation to disaster management; gender disaggregated water-use data; and social barriers to using the Ecosan dry toilet.
Sascha Gabizon, Women in Europe for a Common Future, and Charlotte van der Schaaf, UNW-DPC, moderated a discussion on recommendations for global and national targets and indicators for gender and sanitation. Panelists and participants discussed the creation and use of gender indicators, data collection, funding for water and sanitation, and capacity building for women's participation.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF GLOBAL WATER ISSUES
Freshwater is a finite resource that is imperative for sustainable development, economic growth, political and social stability, health, and poverty eradication. While water issues have long been on the international agenda, the debate on how to meet the growing global demand for freshwater has intensified in recent years: over 800 million people currently lack access to safe drinking water, while about 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation.
In response to these challenges, the World Water Forum was initiated as a platform to include water issues on the international agenda. This Forum is convened every three years by the World Water Council (WWC) and a host country. The WWC, an international policy think-tank established in 1996, addresses global concerns over the pressures on the Earth's freshwater resources. The Forum is an open, all-inclusive, multi-stakeholder process that aims to: raise the importance of water on the political agenda; support deeper discussions to help solve the international water issues of the 21st century; formulate concrete proposals; and generate political commitment. The World Water Forum takes place in the context of other international, regional and national water dialogues.
1ST WORLD WATER FORUM: The 1st World Water Forum, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, in March 1997, mandated the WWC to develop a long-term Vision on Water, Life and the Environment for the 21st Century. This Forum also cautioned against treating water as a marketable good and established priorities, namely: water and sanitation; shared water management; ecosystem conservation; gender equality; and efficient use of water.
2ND WORLD WATER FORUM: The 2nd World Water Forum took place in The Hague, the Netherlands, in March 2000. The Ministerial Declaration identified key challenges for the future, including: meeting basic water needs; securing food supply; protecting ecosystems; sharing water resources; managing risks; and valuing and governing water wisely. In the Declaration, ministers agreed to regularly review progress in meeting these challenges and to provide support to the UN system for periodic reassessment of the state of freshwater resources.
UN MILLENNIUM SUMMIT: At the UN Millennium Summit held at UN headquarters in New York, in September 2000, world leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which inspired eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with 18 targets, including the target to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRESHWATER: The International Conference on Freshwater convened in Bonn, Germany, in December 2001, in preparation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). The Conference addressed: equitable access to and sustainable supply of water for the poor; strategies for sustainable and equitable management of water resources; integration of gender perspectives; and mobilization of financial resources for water infrastructure.
WSSD: During the WSSD, held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August-September 2002, world leaders expanded the MDG target on safe drinking water by also agreeing to halve the number of people lacking adequate sanitation by 2015. Other water-related targets in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation included the commitment to develop integrated water resource management (IWRM) and water efficiency plans by 2005. Governments, lending agencies and international organizations also launched several voluntary partnerships and initiatives in the area of water and sanitation.
3RD WORLD WATER FORUM: During the 3rd World Water Forum, held in Kyoto, Osaka and Shiga, Japan, in March 2003, ministers adopted a Declaration underscoring the role of water as a driving force for sustainable development. They also launched the Portfolio of Water Actions, which is an inventory of more than 3,000 local actions with respect to this vital resource. The "Financing Water for All" report of a high-level panel chaired by Michel Camdessus, former Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, was presented, leading to the establishment of the intersessional Task Force on Financing Water for All.
29TH G8 SUMMIT: At their annual Summit, held in Evian, France, in June 2003, leaders of the Group of Eight (G8) countries adopted the Action Plan on Water to help meet the MDG and WSSD goals of halving the number of people without access to clean water and sanitation by 2015. In this Action Plan, G8 leaders committed themselves to: promoting good governance; making use of all financial resources; building infrastructure by empowering local authorities and communities; strengthening monitoring, assessment and research; and reinforcing engagement of international organizations.
12TH and 13TH SESSIONS OF THE UN COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CSD-12 AND CSD-13): At its 12th and 13th sessions held in New York, in April 2004 and April 2005, respectively, the CSD focused on policies and options to expedite the implementation of international commitments in the areas of water, sanitation and human settlements. The section on water in the CSD-13 outcome document callsfor, inter alia: accelerating progress toward the MDGs and the WSSD 2015 water access targets by increasing resources and using a full range of policy instruments such as regulation, market-based tools, cost recovery, targeted subsidies for the poor, and economic incentives for small-scale producers; improving water demand and resource management, especially in agriculture; and accelerating the provision of technical and financial assistance to countries that need help to meet the 2005 target on IWRM.
2005-2015 INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR ACTION "WATER FOR LIFE": Organized by the UN, the International Decade focuses on the implementation of water-related programmes and projects and on strengthening cooperation on water issues at all levels. Priorities include: access to sanitation; disaster prevention; pollution; transboundary water issues; water, sanitation and gender; capacity building; financing; and IWRM. Africa is identified as a region for priority action for the Decade.
4TH WORLD WATER FORUM: The 4th World Water Forum was held in Mexico City, Mexico, in March 2006. In their Declaration, ministers emphasized the need to include water and sanitation as priorities in national processes, particularly national sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies. They reaffirmed commitments to achieve the internationally agreed goals on IWRM and access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, and underscored the supporting role that parliamentarians and local authorities can play in this regard. The Declaration also recognized the importance of domestic and international capacity-building policies and cooperation to mitigate water-related disasters.
DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE 4TH WORLD WATER FORUM
5TH WORLD WATER FORUM PREPARATORY PROCESS: A number of preparatory meetings took place ahead of the 5th World Water Forum, including meetings to advance the Forum's thematic, political and regional processes. The Turkish Women's Water Alliance met twice to define their role in the Forum.
Thematic process meetings: Several multi-stakeholder meetings were held to establish the themes, topics and sessions that will guide discussions at the Forum.
Political process meetings: Four Preparatory Committee meetings were held to negotiate the draft Ministerial Declaration and the Istanbul Water Strategy Guide, which will be attached to the final Declaration. Parliamentarians met to prepare their agenda for the Forum at the Parliaments for Water meeting in Strasbourg, France, in November 2008. Local authorities met several times, including at the United Cities and Local Government World Council meeting in Istanbul, Turkey, in November 2008, to draft the Istanbul Water Consensus.
Regional process meetings: The Forum's four regions (Africa, the Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe) and three sub-regions (In and Around Turkey, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East and North Africa and Arab countries) held meetings to prepare for the Forum and identify contributions for the draft Ministerial Declaration.
2008 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SANITATION: Organized by the UN, the goal of the International Year of Sanitation was to raise awareness and accelerate progress towards the MDG target on sanitation. The Action Plan for the Year included activities to raise awareness, release and update publications, monitor access and commitments, advance implementation, strengthen capacities, and evaluate costs and benefits.
16TH SESSION OF THE CSD: Held in New York in June 2008, CSD-16 included a review of the implementation of CSD-13 decisions on water and sanitation. Delegates observed that: according to current trends, Africa will realize its MDG targets on water and sanitation no sooner than 2076; the implementation of the CSD-13 decision on IWRM has been slow; and indicators to monitor changes, especially among the poor, are lacking. Delegates urged: investment for upgrading and maintaining infrastructure, building capacity, and promoting good governance; consideration of transboundary water management; and consideration of the vital importance of financial assistance, particularly for Africa.
34TH G8 SUMMIT: At their annual Summit held in Toyako, Japan, in July 2008, leaders of the G8 countries agreed to reinvigorate their efforts to implement the Evian Water Action Plan, which they will review prior to the 2009 G8 Summit. They further agreed to promote IWRM and "Good Water Governance," with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa and Asia-Pacific, including by: strengthening transboundary basin organizations; sharing water-related expertise and technology with developing countries; and supporting capacity building for water-related initiatives, data collection and use, and adaptation to climate change.
"PEACE WITH WATER": Held in the European Parliament in Brussels, Belgium, in February 2009, and led by former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, the World Political Forum, the European Parliamentary Groups and the European Research Institute on Water Policy, this meeting called for the inclusion of water issues in a successor agreement to the Kyoto Protocol on climate change. Participants proposed a Memorandum for a World Water Protocol, focusing on conflict prevention, the promotion of the right to water for all, and safeguarding the global water heritage for future generations.
1ST G77 MINISTERIAL FORUM ON WATER: In their Muscat Declaration on Water, G77 ministers attending this meeting in Muscat, Oman, in February 2009, inter alia: stressed the need to improve South-South exchanges of scientific and technological know-how; called on the UN system to play an important role in supporting relevant research; highlighted the potential of biotechnologies to reduce poverty; and emphasized the need to better understand these technologies. They agreed to meet annually, as necessary.
1ST JOINT FORUM MEETING OF THE NETWORK OF WOMEN MINISTERS AND LEADERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (NWMLE): Held in Nairobi, Kenya, in February 2009, this joint meeting between NWMLE and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) discussed issues also under consideration at the 25th Session of the UNEP Governing Council/ Global Ministerial Environment Forum. On water, participants recommended that: women be recognized as central to the provision, management and safeguarding of both water and environmental resources; policies and strategies on water and environmental management respect gender differences; and particular attention be given to collecting gender and gender-disaggregated data and developing gender indicators to track implementation of multilateral and national policies.
Pictures: IISD, Abdullah Gül, President of the Republic of Turkey, Oktay Tabasaran, Secretary General, World Water Forum
www.worldwaterforum5.org
http://www.iisd.ca/ymb/water/worldwater5/
5TH WORLD WATER FORUM HIGHLIGHTS, Day 1
Tuesday, 17 March 2009 12:43 Press Release. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
The 5th World Water Forum opened on Monday, 16 March 2009 in Istanbul, Turkey and will continue until 22 March. Participants convened in a morning plenary to hear opening statements and watch presentations of the Turkish Republic Prime Minister's Water Prize and the King Hassan II Great World Water Prize. In the afternoon, the thematic sessions were opened and the World Water Development Report was launched. Participants also attended special focus sessions.
The World Water Forum seeks to enable multi-stakeholder participation and dialogue to influence water policy making at a global level, in pursuit of sustainable development. Over 100 thematic sessions are scheduled, and more than 28,000 participants are expected to attend, representing governments, UN agencies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, the media and other civil society groups.
The Forum's main theme, "bridging divides for water," will be addressed through six sub-themes: global change and risk management; advancing human development and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); managing and protecting water resources; governance and management; finance; and education, knowledge and capacity development.
A Water Fair and Water Expo will also take place during the Forum, offering a platform for participants to present their achievements and highlight the cultural aspects of water. A Learning Centre will further exchanges of knowledge and experience, while events that enable participation of the major groups convened under Agenda 21, particularly children, youth and women, will also be held.
OPENING THE FORUM
OPENING STATEMENTS: Oktay Tabasaran, Secretary General of the 5th World Water Forum, welcomed participants, emphasizing that its main objective is to urgently address the issue of efficient water use. He said the Forum will also be a venue for discussing economic development, local water management, risk management, human development and the MDG objectives.
Loïc Fauchon, President of the World Water Council (WWC), stressed that while ensuring access to water is a "difficult and long road to be traveled," it must be addressed. He called for rigorous and harmonious water sharing, and noted the importance of political will in this regard. Fauchon emphasized the need for effective water management, protection of the poorest people and the need to consider the principle of virtual water.
Noting that the ideals of Istanbul are peace and tolerance, Kadir Topbaş, Mayor of Istanbul, welcomed participants to the city. He noted that cities are major consumers of water resources and that local authorities have an obligation to protect natural resources and plan for the water security of future generations.
Veysel Eroğlu, Minister of Environment and Forestry of Turkey, emphasized that water issues affect peace and that stability can only be achieved through fair division of water resources. He said water is critical for development and noted the need to address drought in Africa and elsewhere. Eroğlu underscored the importance of large infrastructure for water security in Turkey, and stressed that the Forum's objective is not to commercialize water but to provide "good quality water for all."
José Luis Luege Tamargo, Director General of the Mexico National Water Commission, on behalf of President Felipe Calderón of Mexico, described the water management, climate change and infrastructure projects initiated at the 4th World Water Forum in Mexico City.
UN Undersecretary-General Sha Zukang, on behalf of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, highlighted that the World Water Forum facilitates dialogue between the policy community and civil society. He recommended four strategic action areas for the Forum, namely: emphasizing linkages between water and climate change; learning from disaster risk reduction to increase adaptive capacity; improving human and institutional capacity, backed by financial resources; and recognizing the importance of cooperative transboundary water management.
Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Morocco, noted that the Forum follows the 2008 High-Level Conference on World Food Security, precedes the 2009 UN negotiations on a post-2012 climate regime, and is taking place during an international financial crisis.
Naruhito Kotaishi, Crown Prince of Japan, stressed the need for collaboration to resolve pressing water issues and strengthen initiatives for achieving the MDGs. He emphasized, inter alia: the link between water and climate change; the importance of water financing initiatives and of ministerial-level dialogues and regional summits to foster collaboration; and the need for monitoring and capacity building through UN-Water.
Abdullah Gül, President of the Republic of Turkey, emphasized that water is not only a technical issue but a matter that requires political attention and priority at the highest level. He said the international community must recognize the limited nature of water and highlighted that changes in policies are necessary to address water scarcity. He said the 5th World Water Forum will take previous efforts one step further and called on the international community to bridge divides for water.
Children representatives from 21 countries then appeared on stage to symbolize cultural cooperation. The Tekfen Philharmonic Orchestra, comprised of musicians from 23 countries in the Caspian and Eastern Mediterranean regions, brought the plenary to a close.
TURKISH REPUBLIC PRIME MINISTER'S WATER PRIZE: Irfan Aker, World Water Council Board of Governors, on behalf of Turkey's Prime Minister, presented the Turkish Prime Minister's Water Prize, which honors media representatives for coverage of national and international water issues. The international prize was awarded to Alison Bartle, Aqua-Media International. National prizes were awarded to Özgür Coban (Anatolian Agency), Özgür Yildirim (Channel 24), and Gurhan Savgi (Zaman Daily Newspaper), and for the programme Yeşil Ekren on NTV (accepted by Erman Yerdelen).
KING HASSAN II GREAT WORLD WATER PRIZE: Prime Minister El Fassi introduced the third King Hassan II Great World Water Prize for cooperation and solidarity in the fields of management and development in water resources. Abdelkébir Zahoud, Morocco's Secretary of State in charge of water and environment, presented the prize to Abdulatif Yousef Al-Hamad, Director General of the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. Al-Hamad commended Morocco's leadership in water management and enumerated water projects funded by his organization.
OPENING OF THEMATIC SESSIONS
Henk van Schaik, Co-operative Programme on Water and Climate, on the theme "global change and risk management," highlighted the links between water, climate change, disasters and migrations. Pasquale Steduto, UN-Water Chair / Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), on "human development and the MDGs," urged strengthening national capacity to enable on-the-ground action. Karin Krchnak, The Nature Conservancy, on "managing and protecting water resources," emphasized the importance of integrated water resource management to meet human and environmental needs.
Andre Dzikus, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), on "governance and management," highlighted that the water and sanitation crisis is a governance and management crisis, and not one of resources. Abel Mejia, World Bank, on "finance," discussed: barriers to sustainable financing; pricing of water services; and access to water and sanitation for the poor. András Szöllösi-Nagy, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), on "education, knowledge and capacity building," noted that the draft 5th Forum Ministerial Declaration had weaker language than was called for during preparatory thematic meetings.
Kusum Athukorala, Associated Development Research Consultants, stressed that the Forum's six themes must be translated into the ministerial process, and Sahana Singh, Asian Water, emphasized that politicians should advocate for "tough change." Monica Scatasta, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, said the thematic process must develop common understandings of critical topics, including cost recovery and water pricing. Ibrahim Gürer, Gazi University, reminded participants to use the thematic sessions to enhance mutual understanding.
LAUNCH OF WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT
UNESCO Director-General Koїchiro Matsuura launched the Third World Water Development Report (WWDR-3), outlining actions to address future water challenges. He highlighted the Report's key messages, including inter alia: the need to involve water specialists in decision making; the significant impact that decisions to address climate change in the energy sector have for water use; the importance of monitoring and assessment for sound water management; and the need to strengthen capacity in developing countries.
Ali Backoğlu, Deputy Governor of Istanbul, encouraged enhancing collaboration among countries, sectors and stakeholders. Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan, said the Report will help policy makers to apply the most advanced approaches and technologies to water management.
Alexander Müller, FAO, Hasan Zuhuri Sarikaya, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey, and Pasquale Steduto, UN-Water Chair / FAO, welcomed the launch of the report as a useful tool for the sustainable management of water resources. András Szöllözi-Nagy, UNESCO, emphasized that external factors impact water resources and that increased water storage capacity is essential for responding to climate change.
Olcay Ünver, World Water Assessment Programme, and William Cosgrove, WWDR-3, underscored the Report's paradigm shift from a water-specific focus to one that addresses the external drivers of water resource use, and the Report's linkages between water use and broader development objectives.
Kenneth Konga, Ministry of Energy and Water Development, Zambia, presented the Zambian case study from WWDR-3. Narcio-Rodrigues da Silveira, Vice President, Brazil, proposed the immediate constitution of a "World Water Parliament."
Yong-Joo Cho, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, outlined Korea's water management efforts in the context of climate change. Giorgio Sfara, Development Cooperation, Italy, highlighted the G8 Evian Plan and its enhanced implementation strategy in partnership with African countries.
SPECIAL FOCUS SESSIONS
RUNNING DRY! HOW TO TURN DROUGHTS INTO OPPORTUNITIES FOR BETTER MANAGEMENT: Session moderator Marta Moren, Spain's General Director of Water, opened the panel by stressing the need for effective drought management at the national and global levels. Milagros Couchoud, Mediterranean Water Institute, noted that Spain has many water management experiences to share. Hachmi Kennon, WWC, highlighted the successful implementation of a drought management plan during the recent four-year drought in Spain. Juan Antonio Arrese Luco, Ministry of Public Works, Chile, noted that climate change and its impact on water availability have moved to the top of the political agenda. Jean-Paul Rivaud, Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development, Town and Country Planning, France, called for sustained public awareness campaigns to enhance water efficiency. Donald Wilhite, National Drought Mitigation Center, US, noted that the world should: move away from crisis management in favor of risk management; engage stakeholders in developing drought mitigation plans; and establish priorities for a comprehensive drought policy.
In the ensuing discussion, participants noted that drought is a natural cyclical process and called for a greater focus on adaptation strategies. Other contributors stressed the need for bottom-up approaches to reduce water-related conflicts and flexible drought management plans.
During roundtable discussions, Carlos Motta Nunes, Brazil, presented drought management activities from Brazil's northeastern region. Noting that the region receives sufficient rainfall, but within a short period each year, he emphasized that adequate water infrastructure and local government involvement are prerequisites for equitable water access. Javier Ferrer, Spain, described Júcar River Basin activities, highlighting benefits of moving from an emergency response to a risk reduction framework. Erkan Emіnoğlu, Turkey, reported on the country's national drought strategy, developed using a consultative approach.
The closing discussions highlighted: linking water management to other environmental sectors; promoting drought-resistant crops and animal species; the legal basis for inter-basin water transfers; the availability of finances for upgrading water systems; farmers' education on best practices; and children's participation in water management planning.
HEALTH, DIGNITY AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS: THE WAY FORWARD FOR GENDER EQUITY: Co-chair Kenza Kaouakib-Robinson, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), opened the session, calling for gender-disaggregated data in the water and sanitation sectors based on the recommendations of an expert group meeting convened by UN-DESA and the UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC).
Session co-chair Uschi Eid, UN Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation, called for an end to the "speechlessness" surrounding sanitation, and urged development partners to insist that adequate toilets be preconditions for releasing funding for health and education projects.
Bertrand Charrier, Chirac Foundation, emphasized that water and sanitation are not the same issue and that both have unique gender-related dimensions. Two women who attended the Women and Water Preparatory Conference - Hilal Gonca Coşkun, Istanbul Technical University, and Siegmien Staphorst, Women for Water Partnership - discussed the meeting's outcomes, including a request to heads of states and ministers to implement gender-responsive budgeting in water and sanitation.
Elmira Joldosheva, Central Asian Alliance for Water, presented experiences in water and sanitation in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, noting their success in training women as regional sanitation facilitators.
In a high-level debate, Nimet Çubukçu, Minister for Women and Family Affairs, Turkey, stressed the need for women's involvement in decision-making processes, emphasized the importance of awareness raising and capacity building, and noted the specific role of women in agriculture and irrigation.
Santha Sheela Nair, Minister of Rural Development, India, highlighted the taboos surrounding discussion of menstruation and defecation. She emphasized that sanitary facilities must be context-appropriate and account for issues such as safety, water availability and the needs of children, babies and adults.
Asfaw Dingamo, Minister of Water Resources, Ethiopia, provided examples demonstrating how gender issues have been incorporated into the national agenda over the last 20 years, including the recent Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Movement. Participants discussed: gender in relation to disaster management; gender disaggregated water-use data; and social barriers to using the Ecosan dry toilet.
Sascha Gabizon, Women in Europe for a Common Future, and Charlotte van der Schaaf, UNW-DPC, moderated a discussion on recommendations for global and national targets and indicators for gender and sanitation. Panelists and participants discussed the creation and use of gender indicators, data collection, funding for water and sanitation, and capacity building for women's participation.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF GLOBAL WATER ISSUES
Freshwater is a finite resource that is imperative for sustainable development, economic growth, political and social stability, health, and poverty eradication. While water issues have long been on the international agenda, the debate on how to meet the growing global demand for freshwater has intensified in recent years: over 800 million people currently lack access to safe drinking water, while about 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation.
In response to these challenges, the World Water Forum was initiated as a platform to include water issues on the international agenda. This Forum is convened every three years by the World Water Council (WWC) and a host country. The WWC, an international policy think-tank established in 1996, addresses global concerns over the pressures on the Earth's freshwater resources. The Forum is an open, all-inclusive, multi-stakeholder process that aims to: raise the importance of water on the political agenda; support deeper discussions to help solve the international water issues of the 21st century; formulate concrete proposals; and generate political commitment. The World Water Forum takes place in the context of other international, regional and national water dialogues.
1ST WORLD WATER FORUM: The 1st World Water Forum, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, in March 1997, mandated the WWC to develop a long-term Vision on Water, Life and the Environment for the 21st Century. This Forum also cautioned against treating water as a marketable good and established priorities, namely: water and sanitation; shared water management; ecosystem conservation; gender equality; and efficient use of water.
2ND WORLD WATER FORUM: The 2nd World Water Forum took place in The Hague, the Netherlands, in March 2000. The Ministerial Declaration identified key challenges for the future, including: meeting basic water needs; securing food supply; protecting ecosystems; sharing water resources; managing risks; and valuing and governing water wisely. In the Declaration, ministers agreed to regularly review progress in meeting these challenges and to provide support to the UN system for periodic reassessment of the state of freshwater resources.
UN MILLENNIUM SUMMIT: At the UN Millennium Summit held at UN headquarters in New York, in September 2000, world leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which inspired eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with 18 targets, including the target to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRESHWATER: The International Conference on Freshwater convened in Bonn, Germany, in December 2001, in preparation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). The Conference addressed: equitable access to and sustainable supply of water for the poor; strategies for sustainable and equitable management of water resources; integration of gender perspectives; and mobilization of financial resources for water infrastructure.
WSSD: During the WSSD, held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August-September 2002, world leaders expanded the MDG target on safe drinking water by also agreeing to halve the number of people lacking adequate sanitation by 2015. Other water-related targets in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation included the commitment to develop integrated water resource management (IWRM) and water efficiency plans by 2005. Governments, lending agencies and international organizations also launched several voluntary partnerships and initiatives in the area of water and sanitation.
3RD WORLD WATER FORUM: During the 3rd World Water Forum, held in Kyoto, Osaka and Shiga, Japan, in March 2003, ministers adopted a Declaration underscoring the role of water as a driving force for sustainable development. They also launched the Portfolio of Water Actions, which is an inventory of more than 3,000 local actions with respect to this vital resource. The "Financing Water for All" report of a high-level panel chaired by Michel Camdessus, former Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, was presented, leading to the establishment of the intersessional Task Force on Financing Water for All.
29TH G8 SUMMIT: At their annual Summit, held in Evian, France, in June 2003, leaders of the Group of Eight (G8) countries adopted the Action Plan on Water to help meet the MDG and WSSD goals of halving the number of people without access to clean water and sanitation by 2015. In this Action Plan, G8 leaders committed themselves to: promoting good governance; making use of all financial resources; building infrastructure by empowering local authorities and communities; strengthening monitoring, assessment and research; and reinforcing engagement of international organizations.
12TH and 13TH SESSIONS OF THE UN COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CSD-12 AND CSD-13): At its 12th and 13th sessions held in New York, in April 2004 and April 2005, respectively, the CSD focused on policies and options to expedite the implementation of international commitments in the areas of water, sanitation and human settlements. The section on water in the CSD-13 outcome document callsfor, inter alia: accelerating progress toward the MDGs and the WSSD 2015 water access targets by increasing resources and using a full range of policy instruments such as regulation, market-based tools, cost recovery, targeted subsidies for the poor, and economic incentives for small-scale producers; improving water demand and resource management, especially in agriculture; and accelerating the provision of technical and financial assistance to countries that need help to meet the 2005 target on IWRM.
2005-2015 INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR ACTION "WATER FOR LIFE": Organized by the UN, the International Decade focuses on the implementation of water-related programmes and projects and on strengthening cooperation on water issues at all levels. Priorities include: access to sanitation; disaster prevention; pollution; transboundary water issues; water, sanitation and gender; capacity building; financing; and IWRM. Africa is identified as a region for priority action for the Decade.
4TH WORLD WATER FORUM: The 4th World Water Forum was held in Mexico City, Mexico, in March 2006. In their Declaration, ministers emphasized the need to include water and sanitation as priorities in national processes, particularly national sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies. They reaffirmed commitments to achieve the internationally agreed goals on IWRM and access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, and underscored the supporting role that parliamentarians and local authorities can play in this regard. The Declaration also recognized the importance of domestic and international capacity-building policies and cooperation to mitigate water-related disasters.
DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE 4TH WORLD WATER FORUM
5TH WORLD WATER FORUM PREPARATORY PROCESS: A number of preparatory meetings took place ahead of the 5th World Water Forum, including meetings to advance the Forum's thematic, political and regional processes. The Turkish Women's Water Alliance met twice to define their role in the Forum.
Thematic process meetings: Several multi-stakeholder meetings were held to establish the themes, topics and sessions that will guide discussions at the Forum.
Political process meetings: Four Preparatory Committee meetings were held to negotiate the draft Ministerial Declaration and the Istanbul Water Strategy Guide, which will be attached to the final Declaration. Parliamentarians met to prepare their agenda for the Forum at the Parliaments for Water meeting in Strasbourg, France, in November 2008. Local authorities met several times, including at the United Cities and Local Government World Council meeting in Istanbul, Turkey, in November 2008, to draft the Istanbul Water Consensus.
Regional process meetings: The Forum's four regions (Africa, the Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe) and three sub-regions (In and Around Turkey, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East and North Africa and Arab countries) held meetings to prepare for the Forum and identify contributions for the draft Ministerial Declaration.
2008 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SANITATION: Organized by the UN, the goal of the International Year of Sanitation was to raise awareness and accelerate progress towards the MDG target on sanitation. The Action Plan for the Year included activities to raise awareness, release and update publications, monitor access and commitments, advance implementation, strengthen capacities, and evaluate costs and benefits.
16TH SESSION OF THE CSD: Held in New York in June 2008, CSD-16 included a review of the implementation of CSD-13 decisions on water and sanitation. Delegates observed that: according to current trends, Africa will realize its MDG targets on water and sanitation no sooner than 2076; the implementation of the CSD-13 decision on IWRM has been slow; and indicators to monitor changes, especially among the poor, are lacking. Delegates urged: investment for upgrading and maintaining infrastructure, building capacity, and promoting good governance; consideration of transboundary water management; and consideration of the vital importance of financial assistance, particularly for Africa.
34TH G8 SUMMIT: At their annual Summit held in Toyako, Japan, in July 2008, leaders of the G8 countries agreed to reinvigorate their efforts to implement the Evian Water Action Plan, which they will review prior to the 2009 G8 Summit. They further agreed to promote IWRM and "Good Water Governance," with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa and Asia-Pacific, including by: strengthening transboundary basin organizations; sharing water-related expertise and technology with developing countries; and supporting capacity building for water-related initiatives, data collection and use, and adaptation to climate change.
"PEACE WITH WATER": Held in the European Parliament in Brussels, Belgium, in February 2009, and led by former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, the World Political Forum, the European Parliamentary Groups and the European Research Institute on Water Policy, this meeting called for the inclusion of water issues in a successor agreement to the Kyoto Protocol on climate change. Participants proposed a Memorandum for a World Water Protocol, focusing on conflict prevention, the promotion of the right to water for all, and safeguarding the global water heritage for future generations.
1ST G77 MINISTERIAL FORUM ON WATER: In their Muscat Declaration on Water, G77 ministers attending this meeting in Muscat, Oman, in February 2009, inter alia: stressed the need to improve South-South exchanges of scientific and technological know-how; called on the UN system to play an important role in supporting relevant research; highlighted the potential of biotechnologies to reduce poverty; and emphasized the need to better understand these technologies. They agreed to meet annually, as necessary.
1ST JOINT FORUM MEETING OF THE NETWORK OF WOMEN MINISTERS AND LEADERS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (NWMLE): Held in Nairobi, Kenya, in February 2009, this joint meeting between NWMLE and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) discussed issues also under consideration at the 25th Session of the UNEP Governing Council/ Global Ministerial Environment Forum. On water, participants recommended that: women be recognized as central to the provision, management and safeguarding of both water and environmental resources; policies and strategies on water and environmental management respect gender differences; and particular attention be given to collecting gender and gender-disaggregated data and developing gender indicators to track implementation of multilateral and national policies.
Pictures: IISD, Abdullah Gül, President of the Republic of Turkey, Oktay Tabasaran, Secretary General, World Water Forum
www.worldwaterforum5.org
http://www.iisd.ca/ymb/water/worldwater5/
2009年3月17日火曜日
１１５：ダボス会議での水問題の取り組み
ダボス会議に対する小生の認識が甘く、本会議での水問題への取り組みが伝わってこないなどと失礼な言い方をしてしまった。
先日、東大の沖教授のブログで、ダボス会議で水問題に対する提言があったことを知り早速報告書を見てみた。
World Economic Forum Water Initiative
GWPのパトロンである、カナダ人のMs. Margaret Catley-Carlsonが中心的にまとめたようだ。前回の議論をベースにしている。
２０年後までの１２の経済的そして地政学的な水問題を示し、３つのテーマと１２の行動計画を提言している（下記参照）まあIWRMと同じような内容だがIWRMは一切使用されていない。integratedという言い方はあるが、あえてintegrated water reosurces managementはない。意識してなのか？！品格ですね。
1. Water scarcity will increase dramatically in many
parts of the world. This will have significant social
and economic repercussions. Global grain harvests
will be threatened, more countries will rely on food
imports and the livelihoods of many people will be
threatened. This is on top of the billion or so people
who do not have access to improved water supply
today.
2. Meanwhile, global demand for food, especially meat,
will rise sharply, placing more pressure on water for
agriculture. Unless we change how we manage
agricultural water, we will not be able to provide the
food for tomorrow’s consumer demands.
3. At the same time, and compounding the problem,
fast-growing economies, especially in the Middle
East and Asia, will likely allocate less water to
agriculture over the next two decades and more to
the growing demands of their urban, energy and
industrial sectors.
4. Domestic reform of water for agriculture is therefore
urgently required in many water-stressed countries,
in order to produce “more crops with fewer drops”.
But there is currently little political interest in this.
5. The over-extraction of freshwater is also
compromising the environment severely in many
parts of the world. Climate change adds to the
urgency; its impacts play out most prominently in
water resources.
6. Engaging in global trade can also help countries to
manage water security issues, but the global trade
system for agriculture is outdated and in urgent need
of reform.
7. With agriculture remaining a thinly-traded good,
gains from trading so-called “virtual” water are
limited. Changes in the geopolitical landscape will
start to occur, as water-scarce countries seek their
own water solutions.
8. Simultaneously, the US and EU will also seek to
improve energy security. Energy policy decisions
have strong connections to water, climate and food
security policy, which can spin negatively or
positively. Energy policy must take into account
these interlinkages. Domestic energy security should
be seen as a decision to switch from relying on
foreign oil to relying on domestic water.
9. Improving water infrastructure for cities, energy and
industry will become urgent across all economies,
especially in Asia. Poor quality and inefficient water
supply services will be seen as a brake on economic
growth. Private finance will be required, as public
funds will not be able to fill the water investment gap.
Governments that introduce reforms in water supply
management will attract private finance. This does
not mean taking water supply out of public
ownership, but undertaking reforms to ensure private
investor risks are reduced and rates of return
become more desirable. International aid for water
will be increasingly used to access credit for private
investments into public infrastructure on the back of
these reforms.
10. The raw economics of water are both compelling
and challenging: water security, economic
development and GDP are interlinked. Business and
capital will be attracted to those economies in waterscarce
regions with sound water management. New
technologies, new markets and new financing ideas
will be attracted to solving the water challenge.
Water will become a mainstream theme for investors.
Governments in water-scarce regions that undertake
water reforms will strengthen and position their
economies well. Global financial regulators will have
to develop clear rules to manage the inevitable
appearance of innovative water funds.
11. The overall conclusion is clear: governments in
water-scarce regions will be in a weaker position if
they choose not to engage in water management
reforms, whether in their agricultural, energy and
municipal sectors, or through multi-country
discussions on trans-boundary issues, international
trade and investment flows. The global water
forecast for the next two decades, if no reform
actions are taken, is chilling; water scarcity will have
a profound effect on global and regional systems,
whether from an economic growth, human security,
environmental or geopolitical stability perspective.
12. The current economic downturn offers an
opportunity to start addressing the emerging water
crisis. Management of future water needs stands out
as an urgent, tangible and fully resolvable issue,
which can only be improved by a multistakeholder
effort led by government. Governments can bring
business and civil society together to help address a
commonly (and often locally) felt challenge. While
some trade-offs will be inevitable, all can benefit from
improvements in how water is managed. Now, when
a suite of reforms is required to fix systemic
problems in the economic system, is the perfect time
to start the water reform dialogue.
Raise Awareness
1. We will finalize the draft of this forecast and publish it
worldwide as a book/multimedia product. We invite
interested parties from all parts of the Davos
community to contribute to this publication.
2. We will work with the external relations departments
of our Water Initiative Project Board and our resource
Partner, Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide, to
formulate an awareness-raising campaign for the
forecast publication and its core messages. We invite
interested media companies who form part of the
Davos community to help us.
3. We will seek to have the short film that accompanies
this forecast, made by Circle of Blue, disseminated
as widely as possible. A webpage linked to the
World Economic Forum website will enable the film
and the forecast to be downloaded free of charge.
Project Board members of the Water Initiative and
organizations that have contributed to the forecast
will also be asked to place the files on their websites.
4. We will use this forecast to raise awareness among
business and government leaders involved in the
energy sector in particular. We welcome the
associated report on water that CERA has produced
for the World Economic Forum Energy Community
for the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting
2009, and look forward to working closely with them
on this issue.
Improve Management
5. We will work with our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and others to provide a global and regional
discussion platform that helps the development of
better analytics for water. A private session at the
Annual Meeting 2009 will help to catalyse this
process. We invite interested members of the Davos
community to join this process.
6. We will support our regional partners in the Middle
East to develop a water policy benchmarking tool to
enable a comparison of the effectiveness of
government water reform activities in the region.
7. We will support our regional partners in Southern
Africa to develop public-private water management
plans that link to the SADC/African Union
commitment to development of a number of growth
corridors in the region.
8. We will invite our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and other organizations and initiatives such
as the CEO Water Mandate, the World Business
Council for Sustainable Development, the Global
Water Footprint Network, the Carbon Disclosure
Project, the Columbia University Water Centre, Yale
University inter alia to help us create an international
public-private workshop on unifying water data
collection, management and disclosure approaches
for business. We will support this as a side event at
the Stockholm World Week, August 2009, or in
Dalian, People’s Republic of China, September 2009
as part of the World Economic Forum Annual
Meeting of New Champions.
Promote Investment and Reform
9. We will work with our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and regional stakeholders of the water
initiative from the Middle East, Southern Africa and
India, to launch three regional multistakeholder
conclaves. These high level roundtables will use this
forecast document to help catalyse regional
discussions on reform to the water sector. Publicprivate
discussions during 2008 in each region
identified both the desire for these conclaves and a
core group of participants. The conclaves will each
convene twice during 2009, once as part of a World
Economic Forum regional event, and at one other
time during the year, perhaps linked to a relevant
regional water event. Participants will be eligible to
use the WELCOM platform of the World Economic
Forum to help sustain their discussions via a Wiki,
interactive electronic chat rooms and
videoconference facilities. We invite interested
regional leaders who form part of the relevant Davos
community to join these conclaves.
10. We will use the convening power of the World
Economic Forum to help our Water Initiative Project
Board and our members of the Global Agenda
Council on Water Security have bilateral discussions
about the importance of water reform with relevant
ministers, other officials and civil society leaders from
key water-stressed regions of the world. These
meetings will link to Forum regional events
throughout the year.
11. We will use the convening power of the World
Economic Forum to stage an Informal Gathering of
Asian Water Leaders (inspired by the Forum’s IGWEL
sessions). The session will discuss, at the highest
political level, the need for water reform across Asia,
using this forecast document as a starting point. The
session will take place in Dalian, People’s Republic of
China, in September as part of the World Economic
Forum’s Annual Meeting of the New Champions
2009.
12. We will work with our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and partners from international development
agencies to launch a global alliance on public-private
partnerships in water. Evidence from a World
Economic Forum-supported pilot initiative in India
and South Africa shows that over US$ 20 million can
be leveraged for water projects from a grant 100
times as small, when a neutral discussion platform is
created that enables key stakeholders from
business, government, banks, the aid industry, civil
society and foundations to jointly design, finance and
execute a mutually-acceptable project pipeline. This
work has been short-listed for a Harvard University
Prize. The aim is now to scale up the platform: a
private session at the Annual Meeting 2009 will
launch this activity. We invite interested members of
the Davos community to join us and our partners in
this process.
We believe this set of activities offers a tangible and
practical response to the many questions raised by the
forecast document, especially in the context of the
structural economic problems the world economy
currently faces. Please contact water@weforum.org for
more information.
Given the scope and breadth of the activities proposed,
we also welcome inquiries from members of the Davos
community (Industry Partner, governmental organizations
or NGOs) interested in providing staff to help the Forum’s
Water Initiative execute these tasks over the coming year.
こういった活動を知らなかった無知はあるが、経済的な問題として捉えられているのは興味深い。残念ながら議論には多くの人がかかわっているが日本人は一人も参加していない。仲間内の国際会議だけでなく、こうした世界的に影響力のある経済会議に日本の水専門家も発言すべきではないだろうか。
先日、東大の沖教授のブログで、ダボス会議で水問題に対する提言があったことを知り早速報告書を見てみた。
World Economic Forum Water Initiative
GWPのパトロンである、カナダ人のMs. Margaret Catley-Carlsonが中心的にまとめたようだ。前回の議論をベースにしている。
２０年後までの１２の経済的そして地政学的な水問題を示し、３つのテーマと１２の行動計画を提言している（下記参照）まあIWRMと同じような内容だがIWRMは一切使用されていない。integratedという言い方はあるが、あえてintegrated water reosurces managementはない。意識してなのか？！品格ですね。
1. Water scarcity will increase dramatically in many
parts of the world. This will have significant social
and economic repercussions. Global grain harvests
will be threatened, more countries will rely on food
imports and the livelihoods of many people will be
threatened. This is on top of the billion or so people
who do not have access to improved water supply
today.
2. Meanwhile, global demand for food, especially meat,
will rise sharply, placing more pressure on water for
agriculture. Unless we change how we manage
agricultural water, we will not be able to provide the
food for tomorrow’s consumer demands.
3. At the same time, and compounding the problem,
fast-growing economies, especially in the Middle
East and Asia, will likely allocate less water to
agriculture over the next two decades and more to
the growing demands of their urban, energy and
industrial sectors.
4. Domestic reform of water for agriculture is therefore
urgently required in many water-stressed countries,
in order to produce “more crops with fewer drops”.
But there is currently little political interest in this.
5. The over-extraction of freshwater is also
compromising the environment severely in many
parts of the world. Climate change adds to the
urgency; its impacts play out most prominently in
water resources.
6. Engaging in global trade can also help countries to
manage water security issues, but the global trade
system for agriculture is outdated and in urgent need
of reform.
7. With agriculture remaining a thinly-traded good,
gains from trading so-called “virtual” water are
limited. Changes in the geopolitical landscape will
start to occur, as water-scarce countries seek their
own water solutions.
8. Simultaneously, the US and EU will also seek to
improve energy security. Energy policy decisions
have strong connections to water, climate and food
security policy, which can spin negatively or
positively. Energy policy must take into account
these interlinkages. Domestic energy security should
be seen as a decision to switch from relying on
foreign oil to relying on domestic water.
9. Improving water infrastructure for cities, energy and
industry will become urgent across all economies,
especially in Asia. Poor quality and inefficient water
supply services will be seen as a brake on economic
growth. Private finance will be required, as public
funds will not be able to fill the water investment gap.
Governments that introduce reforms in water supply
management will attract private finance. This does
not mean taking water supply out of public
ownership, but undertaking reforms to ensure private
investor risks are reduced and rates of return
become more desirable. International aid for water
will be increasingly used to access credit for private
investments into public infrastructure on the back of
these reforms.
10. The raw economics of water are both compelling
and challenging: water security, economic
development and GDP are interlinked. Business and
capital will be attracted to those economies in waterscarce
regions with sound water management. New
technologies, new markets and new financing ideas
will be attracted to solving the water challenge.
Water will become a mainstream theme for investors.
Governments in water-scarce regions that undertake
water reforms will strengthen and position their
economies well. Global financial regulators will have
to develop clear rules to manage the inevitable
appearance of innovative water funds.
11. The overall conclusion is clear: governments in
water-scarce regions will be in a weaker position if
they choose not to engage in water management
reforms, whether in their agricultural, energy and
municipal sectors, or through multi-country
discussions on trans-boundary issues, international
trade and investment flows. The global water
forecast for the next two decades, if no reform
actions are taken, is chilling; water scarcity will have
a profound effect on global and regional systems,
whether from an economic growth, human security,
environmental or geopolitical stability perspective.
12. The current economic downturn offers an
opportunity to start addressing the emerging water
crisis. Management of future water needs stands out
as an urgent, tangible and fully resolvable issue,
which can only be improved by a multistakeholder
effort led by government. Governments can bring
business and civil society together to help address a
commonly (and often locally) felt challenge. While
some trade-offs will be inevitable, all can benefit from
improvements in how water is managed. Now, when
a suite of reforms is required to fix systemic
problems in the economic system, is the perfect time
to start the water reform dialogue.
Raise Awareness
1. We will finalize the draft of this forecast and publish it
worldwide as a book/multimedia product. We invite
interested parties from all parts of the Davos
community to contribute to this publication.
2. We will work with the external relations departments
of our Water Initiative Project Board and our resource
Partner, Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide, to
formulate an awareness-raising campaign for the
forecast publication and its core messages. We invite
interested media companies who form part of the
Davos community to help us.
3. We will seek to have the short film that accompanies
this forecast, made by Circle of Blue, disseminated
as widely as possible. A webpage linked to the
World Economic Forum website will enable the film
and the forecast to be downloaded free of charge.
Project Board members of the Water Initiative and
organizations that have contributed to the forecast
will also be asked to place the files on their websites.
4. We will use this forecast to raise awareness among
business and government leaders involved in the
energy sector in particular. We welcome the
associated report on water that CERA has produced
for the World Economic Forum Energy Community
for the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting
2009, and look forward to working closely with them
on this issue.
Improve Management
5. We will work with our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and others to provide a global and regional
discussion platform that helps the development of
better analytics for water. A private session at the
Annual Meeting 2009 will help to catalyse this
process. We invite interested members of the Davos
community to join this process.
6. We will support our regional partners in the Middle
East to develop a water policy benchmarking tool to
enable a comparison of the effectiveness of
government water reform activities in the region.
7. We will support our regional partners in Southern
Africa to develop public-private water management
plans that link to the SADC/African Union
commitment to development of a number of growth
corridors in the region.
8. We will invite our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and other organizations and initiatives such
as the CEO Water Mandate, the World Business
Council for Sustainable Development, the Global
Water Footprint Network, the Carbon Disclosure
Project, the Columbia University Water Centre, Yale
University inter alia to help us create an international
public-private workshop on unifying water data
collection, management and disclosure approaches
for business. We will support this as a side event at
the Stockholm World Week, August 2009, or in
Dalian, People’s Republic of China, September 2009
as part of the World Economic Forum Annual
Meeting of New Champions.
Promote Investment and Reform
9. We will work with our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and regional stakeholders of the water
initiative from the Middle East, Southern Africa and
India, to launch three regional multistakeholder
conclaves. These high level roundtables will use this
forecast document to help catalyse regional
discussions on reform to the water sector. Publicprivate
discussions during 2008 in each region
identified both the desire for these conclaves and a
core group of participants. The conclaves will each
convene twice during 2009, once as part of a World
Economic Forum regional event, and at one other
time during the year, perhaps linked to a relevant
regional water event. Participants will be eligible to
use the WELCOM platform of the World Economic
Forum to help sustain their discussions via a Wiki,
interactive electronic chat rooms and
videoconference facilities. We invite interested
regional leaders who form part of the relevant Davos
community to join these conclaves.
10. We will use the convening power of the World
Economic Forum to help our Water Initiative Project
Board and our members of the Global Agenda
Council on Water Security have bilateral discussions
about the importance of water reform with relevant
ministers, other officials and civil society leaders from
key water-stressed regions of the world. These
meetings will link to Forum regional events
throughout the year.
11. We will use the convening power of the World
Economic Forum to stage an Informal Gathering of
Asian Water Leaders (inspired by the Forum’s IGWEL
sessions). The session will discuss, at the highest
political level, the need for water reform across Asia,
using this forecast document as a starting point. The
session will take place in Dalian, People’s Republic of
China, in September as part of the World Economic
Forum’s Annual Meeting of the New Champions
2009.
12. We will work with our Water Initiative Project Board,
members of the Global Agenda Council on Water
Security and partners from international development
agencies to launch a global alliance on public-private
partnerships in water. Evidence from a World
Economic Forum-supported pilot initiative in India
and South Africa shows that over US$ 20 million can
be leveraged for water projects from a grant 100
times as small, when a neutral discussion platform is
created that enables key stakeholders from
business, government, banks, the aid industry, civil
society and foundations to jointly design, finance and
execute a mutually-acceptable project pipeline. This
work has been short-listed for a Harvard University
Prize. The aim is now to scale up the platform: a
private session at the Annual Meeting 2009 will
launch this activity. We invite interested members of
the Davos community to join us and our partners in
this process.
We believe this set of activities offers a tangible and
practical response to the many questions raised by the
forecast document, especially in the context of the
structural economic problems the world economy
currently faces. Please contact water@weforum.org for
more information.
Given the scope and breadth of the activities proposed,
we also welcome inquiries from members of the Davos
community (Industry Partner, governmental organizations
or NGOs) interested in providing staff to help the Forum’s
Water Initiative execute these tasks over the coming year.
こういった活動を知らなかった無知はあるが、経済的な問題として捉えられているのは興味深い。残念ながら議論には多くの人がかかわっているが日本人は一人も参加していない。仲間内の国際会議だけでなく、こうした世界的に影響力のある経済会議に日本の水専門家も発言すべきではないだろうか。
2009年3月15日日曜日
１１４：組織の戦略（タンゴを踊るように）
数回前にお伝えしたＭＤＦのＳＯＲだが、ＧＷＰがＩＷＲＭを推進する上で組織の戦略計画の御手本として取り上げた意味が分かった。
当たり前の話だが、水戦略や水管理から「水」を取って普遍的な組織の戦略や管理、人材育成などは世界的な課題である。
ＭＤＦが推奨する戦略論は４０の方法から成っており４００ページにも及ぶ。これからお勉強である。なぜタンゴかというと、組織の戦略はタンゴを踊るように前へ後ろへ、右へ左へと舞台の上で移動するところと似ているからだという。進化のスパイラルは常に前進ではないので当然だ。常に前進するスパイラルは現実にはありえない。
お勉強結果のサマリーはまたいずれご報告する。スパイラル理論の応用については来月としたい。
次回は世界水フォーラム最終プログラムに見えるものである。これがなかなか興味深い。
当たり前の話だが、水戦略や水管理から「水」を取って普遍的な組織の戦略や管理、人材育成などは世界的な課題である。
ＭＤＦが推奨する戦略論は４０の方法から成っており４００ページにも及ぶ。これからお勉強である。なぜタンゴかというと、組織の戦略はタンゴを踊るように前へ後ろへ、右へ左へと舞台の上で移動するところと似ているからだという。進化のスパイラルは常に前進ではないので当然だ。常に前進するスパイラルは現実にはありえない。
お勉強結果のサマリーはまたいずれご報告する。スパイラル理論の応用については来月としたい。
次回は世界水フォーラム最終プログラムに見えるものである。これがなかなか興味深い。
2009年3月12日木曜日
１１３：タイトルの変更
１１月中旬から始めた本ブログもタイトルは２度目の変更である。
やっと落ち着いたものになった。原点はシンプルのほうが良かろう。来週あたりから世界の水専門家がイスタンブールに集結するのだろう。その前にタイトルを真面目なものに変えたかった。
今後はさらに本質的な問題について記述していきたい。
やっと落ち着いたものになった。原点はシンプルのほうが良かろう。来週あたりから世界の水専門家がイスタンブールに集結するのだろう。その前にタイトルを真面目なものに変えたかった。
今後はさらに本質的な問題について記述していきたい。
2009年3月8日日曜日
１１２：ダボス会議２００９
日曜日の午後のテレビはゴルフ中継が主体だが、ＢＳでは時々興味深い番組がある。
偶然、緒方さんがでていたので見てみるとダボス会議２００９の総括であった。
アフガン問題、貧困、ジェンダーなどいくつかのセッションを見ることができた。さすがに参加者は国際人であり、インドネシア貿易省大臣（女性で８６年にインドネシアで最初の経済学博士号を取得）の発言もなかなか大したものである。彼女はインドネシア人の女性として８６年に初めて博士号を得たそうだ。小さいころから女性はスマートでは結婚も出来ないから「馬鹿になるように」と母親に教えられたそうだ。インドネシアらしい、今の女性進出はインドネシアだけでなく東南アジア各国で目覚しい。
日本人でも何人か参加していると思うが、緒方さん以上のインパクトはないのであろう。
特にノーベル賞受賞者の南ア・ツツ元大司教のメッセージは久々聞いたが、迫力のある演説であった。９６年に南アに囲まれたレソト王国のダム開発案件に日本人として一人参加していたが、良くテレビで聞いていたものだ。
ツツ元大司教の英語は決して流暢ではないが、とにかく間がいい。ああいうインパクトのある英語を日本人も見習ってほしい。しかし無理だろう。
すでに英語力では日本は後進国。情けない話である。
最近、白州次郎の本を読んだが、英語力だけでない何かもっと大事な「プリンシプル」が必要だ。緒方さんもますますお元気であった。
ダボス会議でも水不足問題が取り上げられたとのことだがなかなか伝わってこない。
偶然、緒方さんがでていたので見てみるとダボス会議２００９の総括であった。
アフガン問題、貧困、ジェンダーなどいくつかのセッションを見ることができた。さすがに参加者は国際人であり、インドネシア貿易省大臣（女性で８６年にインドネシアで最初の経済学博士号を取得）の発言もなかなか大したものである。彼女はインドネシア人の女性として８６年に初めて博士号を得たそうだ。小さいころから女性はスマートでは結婚も出来ないから「馬鹿になるように」と母親に教えられたそうだ。インドネシアらしい、今の女性進出はインドネシアだけでなく東南アジア各国で目覚しい。
日本人でも何人か参加していると思うが、緒方さん以上のインパクトはないのであろう。
特にノーベル賞受賞者の南ア・ツツ元大司教のメッセージは久々聞いたが、迫力のある演説であった。９６年に南アに囲まれたレソト王国のダム開発案件に日本人として一人参加していたが、良くテレビで聞いていたものだ。
ツツ元大司教の英語は決して流暢ではないが、とにかく間がいい。ああいうインパクトのある英語を日本人も見習ってほしい。しかし無理だろう。
すでに英語力では日本は後進国。情けない話である。
最近、白州次郎の本を読んだが、英語力だけでない何かもっと大事な「プリンシプル」が必要だ。緒方さんもますますお元気であった。
ダボス会議でも水不足問題が取り上げられたとのことだがなかなか伝わってこない。
2009年3月6日金曜日
１１１：「値ごろ感」といういい言葉
水資源管理を語る時、そして住民や利害関係者の合意形成をする上でよく出てくる言葉として、
AcceptabilityとAffordability
がある。ぜひ意識して探していただきたい。
前者の和訳はいいとして、後者はどう訳したらいいのだろうか？affordabilityが高ければ、いわゆるwilling to payである。これがヒント。
経済心理学や株式に詳しい人はすぐ察しがつくであろう。
「値ごろ感」である。何といい言い方だろうか。日本語的ないい表現である。
例えば、「納めている税金に見合うサービス水準かという値ごろ感」は行政サービスに対する住民の満足度を示すだろう。英訳や和訳は両者の文化的な背景も留意すると良い。
AcceptabilityとAffordability
がある。ぜひ意識して探していただきたい。
前者の和訳はいいとして、後者はどう訳したらいいのだろうか？affordabilityが高ければ、いわゆるwilling to payである。これがヒント。
経済心理学や株式に詳しい人はすぐ察しがつくであろう。
「値ごろ感」である。何といい言い方だろうか。日本語的ないい表現である。
例えば、「納めている税金に見合うサービス水準かという値ごろ感」は行政サービスに対する住民の満足度を示すだろう。英訳や和訳は両者の文化的な背景も留意すると良い。
１１０：中央アジア・シルダリア河動向
以前、シルダリア河最上流のトクトグル貯水池の水位低下問題を取り上げた。ＵＮＤＰが中心になって水位低下による関連国（キルギス、カザフ、ウズベク）の社会経済への影響調査を実施し、各国に問題解決への連携を要請したのだ。それが昨年１０月。
キルギスは通常なら冬季のトクトグル貯水池の運用を発電優先にし、６００ｍ３/ｓの放流を行っているはずだった。これが下流国の人工的な洪水を発生させ、４月以降のかんがい用水の不足という大問題が予想されていた。
１０月から継続的にトクトグルの貯水池水位をモニターしていたが、結局２月まで放水量を４００ｍ３/ｓ程度に抑え水位も徐々に復帰してきた。３月になれば流入量も増加に転じ、これでＵＮＤＰが懸念した社会経済的危機は回避された。
ＵＮＤＰ関係者はキルギスから一切トクトグルの水位変化などの情報が得られなかったので、適宜情報を日本から提供していた。結果的にいい方向に推移してほっとしている。
中央アジアの水資源問題についてはドイツのＧＴＺが大規模な支援策を発表したが世界的大不況の影響がでないことを期待したい。残念ながら日本政府は「第３回中央アジア＋日本」の会議では水資源問題は中心的なテーマにはならなかった。ドイツの支援策も考慮してのことだろうか。
キルギスは通常なら冬季のトクトグル貯水池の運用を発電優先にし、６００ｍ３/ｓの放流を行っているはずだった。これが下流国の人工的な洪水を発生させ、４月以降のかんがい用水の不足という大問題が予想されていた。
１０月から継続的にトクトグルの貯水池水位をモニターしていたが、結局２月まで放水量を４００ｍ３/ｓ程度に抑え水位も徐々に復帰してきた。３月になれば流入量も増加に転じ、これでＵＮＤＰが懸念した社会経済的危機は回避された。
ＵＮＤＰ関係者はキルギスから一切トクトグルの水位変化などの情報が得られなかったので、適宜情報を日本から提供していた。結果的にいい方向に推移してほっとしている。
中央アジアの水資源問題についてはドイツのＧＴＺが大規模な支援策を発表したが世界的大不況の影響がでないことを期待したい。残念ながら日本政府は「第３回中央アジア＋日本」の会議では水資源問題は中心的なテーマにはならなかった。ドイツの支援策も考慮してのことだろうか。
１０９：堀博氏の死去
ＩＷＲＡ日本支部からのお知らせで堀博先生の死去を知った。
直接お話ししたことはないが、電話で３０分以上お話したことが以前あった。すでに８０歳になられていたと思うが熱気のあるお話だったことを覚えている。小職のような若造が図々しくもなぜ堀先生と電話でお話ししたか思い出せない。先生がなぜか電話越しに感激されていたのだが、それだけの内容をもっていたことが思い出せない。
先生は日本を代表とする開発援助のプロフェッショナルである。日本工営創始者の久保田豊と同じようにメコン開発に多大な貢献をされた。
巨人のご冥福を！
合掌
直接お話ししたことはないが、電話で３０分以上お話したことが以前あった。すでに８０歳になられていたと思うが熱気のあるお話だったことを覚えている。小職のような若造が図々しくもなぜ堀先生と電話でお話ししたか思い出せない。先生がなぜか電話越しに感激されていたのだが、それだけの内容をもっていたことが思い出せない。
先生は日本を代表とする開発援助のプロフェッショナルである。日本工営創始者の久保田豊と同じようにメコン開発に多大な貢献をされた。
巨人のご冥福を！
合掌
１０８：Total Water Management
Ｋ君からの助言でＣＳＵのGrigg教授が最近出した「Total Water Management」のサマリーを読んでみた。Grigg教授とは彼が以前書いたWater Resources Managementの記述やサウジの水資源管理についてメール交換したが、彼がTotal Water Managementという新書を発表したことを知らなかった。
さて、これまた新情報である。いよいよTotalという形容詞が水資源管理についてきた。サマリーを読むとTotal Water ManagementはＩＷＲＭと同様だとの説明がある。
Integrated
Comprehensive
Overall
Total
これらの形容詞が同じだとすれば、もうＩＷＲＭという略語も特別な意味がなるなるかもしれない。日本語では、
統合的
統合
総合的
総合
これらのいずれかがIntegratedの和訳になっておりまだ統一されてはいない。以前ご紹介した中国語でも実情は変わらない。
イギリスではすでに形容詞は取り去られている。Water Resources Managementあるいは水資源管理、これでいいのでは？？
さて、これまた新情報である。いよいよTotalという形容詞が水資源管理についてきた。サマリーを読むとTotal Water ManagementはＩＷＲＭと同様だとの説明がある。
Integrated
Comprehensive
Overall
Total
これらの形容詞が同じだとすれば、もうＩＷＲＭという略語も特別な意味がなるなるかもしれない。日本語では、
統合的
統合
総合的
総合
これらのいずれかがIntegratedの和訳になっておりまだ統一されてはいない。以前ご紹介した中国語でも実情は変わらない。
イギリスではすでに形容詞は取り去られている。Water Resources Managementあるいは水資源管理、これでいいのでは？？
2009年3月4日水曜日
１０７：K君へのエール
久々若きＫ君とメールで交流した。ひょんなことから彼の居場所が分かったのだ。
水資源管理はまだ学術的な高まりが日本ではない中、水資源管理をアメリカで勉強中とのこと。期待は大きい。彼の先生は小生も尊敬するＩＷＲＭの第１人者だからだ。しかし、正直言って、今のアメリカには学ぶべき水資源管理は少なく、むしろヨーロッパ、特にイギリスがお勧めだ。これはあくまで私論だが。
さて、これだけ世界でＩＷＲＭが具体に進捗する（実施ではなく関連する批判的な議論という意味で）中で日本からの発信が少ないのはなぜだろうか？？それだけに２０代、３０代の若き水資源専門家の高揚感を期待したい。Ｋ君が日本に戻ることがあるか、あるいは国際機関に入るかは彼の思考であるが、どうであろうか。
水資源管理はまだ学術的な高まりが日本ではない中、水資源管理をアメリカで勉強中とのこと。期待は大きい。彼の先生は小生も尊敬するＩＷＲＭの第１人者だからだ。しかし、正直言って、今のアメリカには学ぶべき水資源管理は少なく、むしろヨーロッパ、特にイギリスがお勧めだ。これはあくまで私論だが。
さて、これだけ世界でＩＷＲＭが具体に進捗する（実施ではなく関連する批判的な議論という意味で）中で日本からの発信が少ないのはなぜだろうか？？それだけに２０代、３０代の若き水資源専門家の高揚感を期待したい。Ｋ君が日本に戻ることがあるか、あるいは国際機関に入るかは彼の思考であるが、どうであろうか。
2009年3月3日火曜日
１０６：strategyとplanの違い？
戦略と計画はどう違うのか？これはIWRMがらみでなくても当然の質問である。
さて、その違いは？
オランダのMDFという機関がSOR（戦略的オリエンテーション）という教育訓練プログラムで示唆している。
戦略 計画
１． 方向性の定義 定義はgiven
２． 改革を推進 現状の考え方を踏襲
３． ビジョンやゴールに従う 目的・目標に従う
４． 長期的 短期的
５． 統合的 分析的
６． 強みや機会に注目 問題解決に注目（弱みや脅威）
７． 将来の可能性に基づく 現在の傾向に基づく
前者は後者の前段で策定されるものと小生は理解しているがいかがであろうか。
勿論、戦略を考えるためには当然のこととして現状の処方箋と安定的な起点を決めることが必要である。
次回はacceptabilityとaffordabilityの違いを考察する。
さて、その違いは？
オランダのMDFという機関がSOR（戦略的オリエンテーション）という教育訓練プログラムで示唆している。
戦略 計画
１． 方向性の定義 定義はgiven
２． 改革を推進 現状の考え方を踏襲
３． ビジョンやゴールに従う 目的・目標に従う
４． 長期的 短期的
５． 統合的 分析的
６． 強みや機会に注目 問題解決に注目（弱みや脅威）
７． 将来の可能性に基づく 現在の傾向に基づく
前者は後者の前段で策定されるものと小生は理解しているがいかがであろうか。
勿論、戦略を考えるためには当然のこととして現状の処方箋と安定的な起点を決めることが必要である。
次回はacceptabilityとaffordabilityの違いを考察する。
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