２７２：International Year of POTATO (2008)

南部アフリカに来てからもう数カ月になるが、常にポテトの存在が気になっていた。

１．ホテルの朝食ではポテトのソテーが主でピラフとかヌードルなしでシリアルはフレークだけ。お陰で毎日ポテトを食べることになった。ポテト食にもだんだん慣れてきた。偶に食べるレイズのポテトチップスやマックのフレンチフライもうまいし、マニラ・ペニンシュラやサイゴンのシェラトンのベイグドポテトも中々美味である。カナダのモントリオールにはスージーキューというポテトのスパゲッティーみたいなものもあった。

２．BBCの放送ではポテトの世界的な生産ブームと新種開発が特集されていて、もう３回も見てしまった。

３．南アからは冷凍フライドポテトで世界最大のカナダ食品会社「マッケイン」のCMがこれでもかという具合に目に入ってくる。世界の３０％を生産しているらしい。

最近、２と３が符合した。マッケインのインドの子会社が加工工場を新規設立したという。世界的なポテトブームでインドのポテト生産が２０倍になった理由がやっと判明した。インド人が食べているのではないらしい。

ネットは生き物ではないが、いろいろ関連情報を次々と向こうから（？）提供してくれる。いよいよ最終的な情報が下記である。昨年はポテトの国際年だったらしい。世界の食糧危機に対してポテトの存在価値が高まっているようである。

Why potato?

"A United Nations international year once actually meant something. But what to make of the International Year of the Potato?" So began a scathing editorial in a Canadian online daily, which joked that IYP might result in a "Declaration of the rights of potatoes and other starchy edible tubulars". The editorialist revealed a lack of familiarity not only with botany – the potato is a tuber, not a "tubular" – but, above all, with the potato's place in agriculture, the economy and world food security.

The potato is already an integral part of the global food system. It is the world’s number one non-grain food commodity, with production reaching a record 325 million tonnes in 2007. Potato consumption is expanding strongly in developing countries, which now account for more than half of the global harvest and where the potato’s ease of cultivation and high energy content have made it a valuable cash crop for millions of farmers.

At the same time, the potato – unlike major cereals – is not a globally traded commodity. Only a fraction of total production enters foreign trade, and potato prices are determined usually by local production costs, not by the vagaries of international markets. It is, therefore, a highly recommended food security crop that can help low-income farmers and vulnerable consumers ride out extreme events in world food supply and demand.

In Peru, for example, the government has acted to reduce costly wheat imports by encouraging people to eat bread that includes potato flour. In China, the world's biggest potato producer, agriculture experts have proposed that potatoes become the major food crop on much of the country’s arable land. India has plans to double its potato production.

Food of the future. The International Year of the Potato has raised awareness of the potato’s fundamental importance as a staple food of humanity. But it also had a very practical aim: to promote development of sustainable potato-based systems that enhance the well-being of producers and consumers and help realize the potato's full potential as a "food of the future".

Over the next two decades, the world's population is expected to grow on average by more than 100 million people a year. More than 95 percent of that increase will occur in the developing countries, where pressure on land and water is already intense. A key challenge facing the international community is, therefore, to ensure food security for present and future generations, while protecting the natural resource base on which we all depend. The potato will be an important part of efforts to meet those challenges, for four reasons:

Potatoes are a truly global food

The potato has been consumed in the Andes for about 8 000 years. Taken by the Spanish to Europe in the 16th century, it quickly spread across the globe: today potatoes are grown on an estimated 192 000 sq km, or 74 000 square miles, of farmland, from China's Yunnan plateau and the subtropical lowlands of India, to Java's equatorial highlands and the steppes of Ukraine.

Potatoes feed the hungry

The potato should be a major component in strategies aimed at providing nutritious food for the poor and hungry. It is ideally suited to places where land is limited and labour is abundant, conditions that characterize much of the developing world. The potato produces more nutritious food more quickly, on less land, and in harsher climates than any other major crop - up to 85 percent of the plant is edible human food, compared to around 50% in cereals.

Potatoes are good for you
Potatoes are rich in carbohydrates, making them a good source of energy. They have the highest protein content (around 2.1 percent on a fresh weight basis) in the family of root and tuber crops, and protein of a fairly high quality, with an amino-acid pattern that is well matched to human requirements. They are also very rich in vitamin C - a single medium-sized potato contains about half the recommended daily intake - and contain a fifth of the recommended daily value of potassium.

Demand for potatoes is growing

World potato production has increased at an annual average rate of 4.5 percent over the last 10 years, and exceeded the growth in production of many other major food commodities in developing countries, particularly in Asia. While consumption of potato has declined in Europe, it has increased in the developing world, from less than 10 kg (22 lb) per capita in 1961-63 to almost 22 kg (48.5 lb) in 2003. Consumption of potato in developing countries is still less than a quarter of that in Europe, but all evidence suggests it will increase strongly in the future.

世界ポテト年とは知らなかったが、当地でポテトを堪能した奇遇からちょっとお勉強してみようか。

自宅のマンションのヴェランダから見える距離にある地主さんの畑を借りることになって、妻がいろいろ植えているらしい。流石に農薬を使わないので害虫が多いとのこと。コンサルと俄かのお百姓さんを兼務するのもいいかもしれない（コンサルを辞めてお百姓さんになった後輩が二人いて、一人は京都、もう一人は埼玉の寄居町、二人とももう１０年以上専業で農業をやっていて、かなり安定していると聞いている。後者は東大大学院土木専攻、前者は鳥取大の農業土木出身だ）。二人ともコンサルとしても優秀で気概があった。

ポテトが呼んでいるか？